Penguatan Promina (Program Pencegahan Anemia) Remaja Putri dengan Edukasi Produk Pangan Zat Besi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jpm.v8i2.2497Keywords:
anemia, edukasi gizi, pangan sumber zat besi, remaja putriAbstract
Remaja putri merupakan kelompok yang rentan mengalami anemia karena peningkatan kebutuhan zat besi selama pertumbuhan, kehilangan darah menstruasi, dan pola konsumsi pangan yang belum memadai. Pencegahan anemia tidak cukup hanya berfokus pada pemberian tablet tambah darah, tetapi perlu diperkuat dengan edukasi praktis mengenai produk pangan sumber zat besi. PROMINA (Program Pencegahan Anemia) dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan remaja putri dalam mengenali pentingnya zat besi, memenuhi kebutuhan zat besi, dan mengolah pangan secara tepat. Kegiatan ini merupakan evaluasi program menggunakan desain pra-eksperimental one-group pretest–posttest. Analisis melibatkan 20 pasangan skor pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan setelah edukasi. Pengetahuan diukur menggunakan lima butir pertanyaan berskala 1–5 dengan skor total maksimum 25. Normalitas selisih skor posttest dan pretest diuji menggunakan Shapiro–Wilk. Perbedaan skor dianalisis menggunakan paired t-test karena asumsi normalitas terpenuhi. Besarnya pengaruh edukasi dihitung menggunakan Cohen’s dz. Rerata skor pengetahuan meningkat dari 21,80 ± 1,88 pada pretest menjadi 24,75 ± 0,55 pada posttest. Hasil uji Shapiro–Wilk menunjukkan bahwa selisih skor berdistribusi normal (W = 0,923; p = 0,111). Paired t-test menunjukkan peningkatan skor yang signifikan, t(19) = 6,642; p < 0,001, dengan rerata peningkatan 2,95 poin (95% CI: 2,02–3,88). Cohen’s dz sebesar 1,49 menunjukkan ukuran efek yang sangat besar. Sebanyak 19 dari 20 peserta mengalami peningkatan skor. Edukasi produk pangan zat besi dalam PROMINA diikuti oleh peningkatan pengetahuan remaja putri yang signifikan dengan ukuran efek yang sangat besar. Program ini berpotensi digunakan sebagai komponen penguat kegiatan pencegahan anemia dan pendamping program tablet tambah darah berbasis sekolah.
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