Filsafat Sains dan Pergeseran Paradigma dalam Promosi Kesehatan: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i3.621Keywords:
epistemology, filsafat sains, keadilan epistemik, promosi kesehatan, realisme kritisAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pergeseran paradigma dalam filsafat sains promosi kesehatan melalui tinjauan sistematis literatur periode 2017–2025. Kajian ini menggunakan pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan analisis naratif-tematik terhadap delapan artikel yang diperoleh dari lima basis data internasional bereputasi (Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, SAGE, dan Wiley). Penilaian kualitas dilakukan menggunakan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) dan Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist (JBI) sebanyak 68 artikel memenuhi kriteria untuk dibaca secara penuh, 8 artikel lolos seleksi akhir sesuai dengan kriteria . Hasil menunjukkan bahwa paradigma promosi kesehatan telah bergeser dari pendekatan biomedis-positivistik menuju paradigma yang pluralistik, reflektif, dan humanistik. Analisis tematik menghasilkan empat tema utama: pergeseran dari paradigma biomedis menuju epistemologi pluralistik, pentingnya konteks dan mekanisme dalam pendekatan realis-kritis, keadilan epistemik dan refleksi etis dalam produksi pengetahuan, serta komunitas dan ketahanan sosial sebagai basis paradigma baru. Pergeseran ini menunjukkan bahwa promosi kesehatan modern tidak lagi berfokus pada intervensi teknis, tetapi pada pembentukan pengetahuan yang kontekstual, berkeadilan, dan berakar pada nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Temuan ini diharapkan menjadi dasar pengembangan kebijakan dan praktik promosi kesehatan yang lebih partisipatif dan inklusif.
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