Pemberdayaan Ibu Rumah Tangga melalui Lingkungan yang Kaya Literasi: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis dalam Mengurangi Dampak Negatif Gadget pada Anak Usia Dini: Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i4.830Keywords:
anak usia dini, gadget, literasi keluarga, pemberdayaan ibu, screen timeAbstract
Penggunaan gadget pada anak usia dini terus meningkat dan dapat berdampak pada perkembangan bahasa, sosial, dan emosional anak. Rendahnya literasi keluarga dan keterbatasan kapasitas ibu dalam mengatur penggunaan perangkat digital turut memperparah kondisi tersebut. Pemberdayaan ibu melalui penguatan lingkungan literasi keluarga diyakini dapat menjadi strategi efektif untuk membentuk pola pengasuhan digital yang sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau secara sistematis efektivitas intervensi literasi keluarga dalam meningkatkan kemampuan ibu dan mengurangi dampak negatif gadget pada anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic review yang mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian artikel dilakukan pada database Scopus, PubMed, dan ScienceDirect untuk publikasi tahun 2015–2025 menggunakan kata kunci: “family literacy”, “literacy-rich environment”, “digital parenting”, “early childhood”, dan “screen time”. Artikel yang diinklusi adalah penelitian primer dengan desain RCT, quasi-experimental, case–control, atau intervensi komunitas yang melibatkan ibu dengan anak usia 0–6 tahun. Penilaian kualitas studi dilakukan menggunakan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). Sebanyak 412 artikel didapatkan 10 artikel memenuhi kriteria dengan total 2.625 responden dari berbagai negara. Intervensi yang diterapkan meliputi edukasi literasi keluarga, pelatihan literasi digital, aktivitas membaca bersama, dan program pemberdayaan komunitas. Seluruh penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan ibu dalam pengasuhan digital, penurunan durasi screen time anak, serta perbaikan interaksi ibu–anak. Beberapa studi juga menunjukkan penurunan risiko keterlambatan bahasa dan peningkatan perilaku pengasuhan yang lebih responsif. Pemberdayaan ibu rumah tangga melalui lingkungan literasi keluarga terbukti efektif meningkatkan kapasitas pengasuhan digital dan mengurangi dampak negatif gadget pada anak usia dini.
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