Efektivitas Penerapan Kepemimpinan Transformasional dengan Kepuasan Perawat: Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i4.1504Keywords:
kepemimpinan keperawatan, kepemimpinan transformasional, kepuasan kerja perawatAbstract
Tingkat kepuasan kerja yang rendah dapat berdampak pada meningkatnya kelelahan kerja, niat berpindah kerja, serta penurunan mutu asuhan keperawatan. Salah satu gaya kepemimpinan yang banyak dikaji dalam konteks pelayanan kesehatan adalah kepemimpinan transformasional, yang menekankan pada pemberian inspirasi, perhatian individual, stimulasi intelektual, serta pembentukan visi bersama. Tujuan: Literature review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mensintesis bukti ilmiah mengenai efektivitas penerapan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat berdasarkan penelitian yang dipublikasikan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan penelusuran artikel ilmiah melalui basis data PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel peer-reviewed yang diterbitkan pada periode 2016–2025, menggunakan desain kuantitatif atau systematic review, serta secara eksplisit membahas hubungan kepemimpinan transformasional dengan kepuasan kerja perawat. Artikel yang memenuhi kriteria dianalisis secara kritis dan disintesis menggunakan pendekatan naratif berdasarkan kesamaan tujuan, variabel, dan temuan penelitian. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas studi melaporkan hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan transformasional dan kepuasan kerja perawat. Kepemimpinan transformasional terbukti meningkatkan kepuasan kerja melalui mekanisme pemberdayaan perawat, penciptaan lingkungan kerja yang suportif, peningkatan motivasi intrinsik, serta penguatan komitmen organisasi. Selain itu, beberapa studi juga melaporkan dampak tidak langsung berupa penurunan burnout dan niat turnover perawat. Namun demikian, kekuatan hubungan tersebut bervariasi tergantung pada konteks organisasi, budaya kerja, beban kerja, dan dukungan sistem manajemen rumah sakit. Kepemimpinan transformasional efektif dalam meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat.
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