Literature Review: Efek Obat Antihipertensi Berdasarkan Golongan terhadap Fungsi Ginjal pada Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i4.1118Keywords:
fungsi ginjal, obat antihipertensi, penyakit ginjal kronikAbstract
Penyakit ginjal kronik adalah penurunan kemampuan ginjal yang ditandai dengan GFR < 60 mL/min/1,73 m² selama lebih dari 3 bulan. Hipertensi terjadi pada lebih dari 60% pasien PGK yang belum mendapatkan terapi hemodialisa sehingga pengendalian tekanan darah sangat penting pada pasien PGK. Tekanan darah yang mencapai target dapat memperlambat progresi penurunan fungsi ginjal dan memberikan hasil klinis yang lebih baik. Pilihan obat antihipertensi pada pasien PGK tidak hanya berfokus pada pengendalian tekanan darah, tetapi juga memperhatikan pengaruh obat terhadap progresivitas penurunan fungsi ginjal. Literature review ini diharapkan dapat menjadi landasan ilmiah bagi klinisi dalam menentukan strategi terapi yang paling tepat bagi pasien PGK. Systematic literature review ini disusun sesuai dengan pedoman PRISMA. Proses seleksi literatur dilakukan secara bertahap, dimulai dari identifikasi literatur menggunakan kata kunci dan bolean di PubMed yaitu ("antihypertensive drugs" OR "antihypertensive agents" OR "blood pressure medication" OR "renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor), diikuti dengan skrining judul dan abstrak, hingga menelaah keseluruhan isi literatur. Artikel yang digunakan tahun 2015-2025 menemukan 91 artikel dan yang digunakan sebanyak 33 artikel. Hasil telaah literatur menunjukkan bahwa ACE-I dan ARB memiliki efektivitas yang paling baik pada fungsi ginjal karena efektif menurunkan tekanan darah dan memberikan proteksi yang baik terhadap ginjal. Akan tetapi, penggunaan ACE-I/ARB sering menyebabkan hiperkalemia yang mengharuskan pemberhentian terapi. CCB dapat digunakan sebagai second-line therapy pada pasien yang mengalami hiperkalemia.
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