Nanoemulsion Aromatherapy Cupping Reduces Anxiety in Hypertension Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v7i1.1646Keywords:
anxiety, cupping therapy, hypertension, nanoemulsion aromatherapyAbstract
Hypertension is a chronic condition that is often accompanied by psychological issues, such as anxiety, which can affect blood pressure control and the quality of life of patients. Various complementary therapies have been developed to help reduce anxiety, including cupping therapy and nanoemulsion aromatherapy. This study aims to analyse the effect of nanoemulsion aromatherapy cupping on anxiety levels in hypertension patients and compare it with cupping therapy. This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample consisted of 30 hypertension patients, divided into two groups: cupping therapy and nanoemulsion aromatherapy cupping, with 15 respondents in each group. Anxiety levels were measured before and after the intervention using an anxiety questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using paired t-tests to examine the difference in anxiety within each group and an independent t-test to compare the reduction in anxiety between the two groups. The results showed a significant reduction in anxiety levels in both the cupping therapy group (p = 0.002) and the nanoemulsion aromatherapy cupping group (p = 0.000). However, the independent t-test revealed no significant difference in anxiety reduction between the two groups (p = 0.215). Both cupping therapy and nanoemulsion aromatherapy cupping were effective in reducing anxiety levels in hypertension patients, with no significant difference in effectiveness between the two therapies. Nanoemulsion aromatherapy cupping has the potential to be a complementary therapy in managing anxiety in hypertension patients.
References
Ahmedi, M., & Siddiqui, M. R. (2014). The value of wet cupping as a therapy in modern medicine-An Islamic Perspective.
Al-Bedah, A. M. N., Elsubai, I. S., Qureshi, N. A., Aboushanab, T. S., Ali, G. I. M., El-Olemy, A. T., Khalil, A. A. H., Khalil, M. K. M., & Alqaed, M. S. (2019). The medical perspective of cupping therapy: Effects and mechanisms of action. In Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine (Vol. 9, Issue 2, pp. 90–97). National Taiwan University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.03.003
Al-Hussaniy, H. A., Аlmajidi, Y. Q., Oraibi, A. I., & Alkarawi, A. Н. (2023). Nanoemulsions as medicinal components in insoluble medicines. In Pharmacia (Vol. 70, Issue 3, pp. 537–547). Pensoft Publishers. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.70.e107131
Alves-Silva, J. M., Zuzarte, M., Girão, H., & Salgueiro, L. (2021). The Role of Essential Oils and Their Main Compounds in the Management of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors. Molecules, 26(12), 3506. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123506
Aris Setyawan. (2022). cupping for nursing : tinjauan syariyah dan ilmiah (1st ed.). cendekia muslim.
Aris Setyawan, A., & Kintoko, K. (2024). Potential Applications and Active Substances of Lavender Essential Oil as An Anti-Hypertension: Narrative Literature Review. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 6(4), 2343–2352.
Bantul District Health Office. (2019). Bantul District Health Office. Bantul District health profile.
Benli, A. R., & Sunay, D. (n.d.). The effect of wet cupping therapy on a patient diagnosed with panic attacks: a case report. Asian J Clin Case Rep Trad Alt Med, 1(2), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.22040/AJTCAM.2018.87184
Dieterle, T. (2015). Nebenwirkungen und Interaktionen häufig eingesetzter kardiologischer Medikamente. Therapeutische Umschau, 72(11/12), 701–710. https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930/a000740
Ghosh, R., Alajbegovic, A., & Gomes, A. V. (2015). NSAIDs and Cardiovascular Diseases: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2015(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/536962
Kapuku, G. K. . & K. W. J. (2022). Classification of cardiovascular diseases: Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Handbook of Cardiovascular Behavioral Medicine.
Koyama, S., & Heinbockel, T. (2020). The Effects of Essential Oils and Terpenes in Relation to Their Routes of Intake and Application. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(5), 1558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051558
Labarthe, D. R. (2012). From Cardiovascular Disease to Cardiovascular Health. Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.964726
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Report on the results of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018.
Mohamadinasab, S., Ravari, A., Mirzaei, T., & Sayadi, A. (2019). The Effect of Aromatherapy with Essential Rose Oils on Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 4(72), 202–214. https://doi.org/10.29252/jmp.4.72.202
Reyes, M. C. G. M., Reyes, M. C. G. M., Ribay, K. G. L., & Paragas, E. D. (2020). Effects of sweet orange aromatherapy on pain and anxiety during needle insertion among patients undergoing hemodialysis: A quasi‐experimental study. Nursing Forum, 55(3), 425–432. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12447
Setyawan, A., Hasnah, K., Surya, S., Yogyakarta, G., Keperawatan, A., & Surakarta, I. H. (2020). EFEKTIVITAS WET CUPPING THERAPY TERHADAP KECEMASAN PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI. In Jurnal Kesehatan Kusuma Husada-Juli.
Setyawan, A., Syahruramdhani, S., & Setyaningrum, N. (2022). The Effect of Aromatherapy on Anxiety in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis during COVID-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 7(S2). https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v7iS2.1440
Shakeel, F., & Ramadan, W. (2010). Transdermal delivery of anticancer drug caffeine from water-in-oil nanoemulsions. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 75(1), 356–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2009.09.010
Sinclair, J., Du, X., Shadwell, G., Dillon, S., Butters, B., & Bottoms, L. (2025). Effects of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) oil in cardiometabolic outcomes in participants with pre and stage 1 hypertension: Protocol for a placebo randomized controlled trial. PLOS One, 20(5), e0321986. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321986
Siregar, R., Setyawan, A., & Syahruramdhani, S. (2021). A model to standardize safety and quality of care for cupping therapy. Journal of Integrative Medicine, 19(4), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2021.01.011
Song, X., Zhang, Y., Tang, Z., Dai, J., Wu, Y., Huang, G., Niu, H., Wang, Y., Jin, X., & Du, L. (2024). Ginger oil-loaded transdermal adhesive patch treats post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 11(3), 316–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2024.05.003
Stuart, G. W. (2019). Pocket guide to psychiatric nursing.
Wilson, R. J., Li, Y., Yang, G., & Zhao, C.-X. (2022). Nanoemulsions for drug delivery. Particuology, 64, 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2021.05.009
Zhang, Q. (2018). Global situation and WHO strategy on traditional medicine. Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine, 01(01), 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1142/s257590001820001x
