Analysis of Risk Factors for Contact Dermatitis in Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v6i2.129Keywords:
contact dermatitis, gender, age, history of skin disease, personal hygieneAbstract
Epidemiological data in Indonesia shows that 97% of 389 skin disease cases are contact dermatitis, with 66.3% being irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) and 33.7% allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). In Bandar Lampung, a 2012 annual surveillance by the local health office reported that contact dermatitis accounted for approximately 63% of skin disease cases. Contact dermatitis is often associated with several risk factors, including gender, age, history of skin disease, personal hygiene, and chemical exposure. To analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of contact dermatitis at the Dermatology and Venereology Clinic of RSUD Dadi Tjokrodipo, Bandar Lampung. This quantitative research used a cross-sectional design involving 322 respondents selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews and direct observation using questionnaires and observation sheets. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between risk factors and contact dermatitis. The study found significant associations between contact dermatitis and gender (p = 0.013), history of skin disease (p = 0.000), and chemical exposure (p = 0.000). Chemical exposure was identified as the most dominant risk factor, with a Prevalence Ratio of 14.061, indicating that individuals exposed to chemicals were over 14 times more likely to develop contact dermatitis. There is a significant relationship between gender, history of skin disease, and chemical exposure with the incidence of contact dermatitis. Chemical exposure is the most dominant factor influencing the incidence, posing a risk more than 14 times greater than in those not exposed. Recommendations include the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) for prevention, provision and monitoring of personal protective equipment (PPE), routine education programs, increased screening and monitoring, cross-sector collaboration, and advocacy for protective regulations.
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