Determinasi Hipertensi pada Remaja di Indonesia: Tinjauan Sistematis Literatur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v7i5.648Keywords:
aktivitas fisik, faktor risiko, hipertensi remaja, obesitas, tinjauan sistematisAbstract
Hipertensi pada remaja merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang semakin meningkat di Indonesia dan berpotensi berlanjut menjadi penyakit tidak menular pada usia dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gambaran prevalensi dan determinan hipertensi pada remaja di Indonesia melalui tinjauan sistematis literatur. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui basis data Scopus menggunakan kombinasi kata kunci terstandar. Kriteria inklusi meliputi artikel berbahasa Inggris, terbit dalam rentang tahun 2020–2025, berjenis penelitian observasional, berakses terbuka, serta fokus pada hipertensi remaja di Indonesia. Dari total 77 artikel yang ditemukan, diperoleh 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria akhir untuk dianalisis secara sintesis naratif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi hipertensi pada remaja di Indonesia berkisar antara 8% hingga 17%, dengan variasi dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan karakteristik wilayah, metode pengukuran, dan kriteria diagnostik. Faktor determinan yang secara konsisten berhubungan dengan hipertensi meliputi faktor biologis (jenis kelamin laki-laki, obesitas, riwayat keluarga), faktor perilaku (aktivitas fisik rendah, konsumsi tinggi natrium dan lemak, kebiasaan merokok), faktor psikologis (stres), dan faktor lingkungan sosial (dukungan keluarga rendah dan kondisi sosioekonomi). Obesitas muncul sebagai faktor dominan dan mediator utama yang menghubungkan gaya hidup tidak sehat dengan kejadian hipertensi.
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