Faktor Prognostik terhadap Luaran Klinis yang Merugikan Pasca-Gigitan Anjing dan Kucing: Tinjauan Sistematis terhadap Bukti Dari Analisis Multivariabel
Keywords:
faktor prognostik, gigitan anjing, gigitan kucing, infeksi luka, rawat inap, tinjauan sistematisAbstract
Faktor prognostik yang berhubungan dengan luaran klinis berat setelah gigitan anjing dan kucing belum dirangkum secara sistematis dengan penilaian kepastian bukti. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi faktor prognostik untuk rawat inap, tindakan operatif, dan infeksi luka setelah gigitan anjing atau kucing. Tinjauan ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020 dengan pencarian literatur pada Scopus, PubMed, dan Garuda untuk publikasi tahun 2000–2026 dalam bahasa Inggris atau Indonesia. Seleksi studi dan ekstraksi data dilakukan dengan bantuan kecerdasan buatan serta diverifikasi oleh penelaah independen. Risiko bias dinilai menggunakan QUIPS, sedangkan kepastian bukti dievaluasi menggunakan GRADE. Dari 1.171 rekaman, 18 laporan memenuhi kriteria dan 13 studi dianalisis, menghasilkan 83 estimasi faktor prognostik. Karakteristik cedera merupakan faktor yang paling konsisten berhubungan dengan luaran berat, termasuk lokasi gigitan multipel dan luka tusuk, terhadap kejadian rawat inap, tindakan operatif, atau infeksi luka. Namun, tidak ada hubungan faktor prognostik–luaran yang memiliki kepastian bukti sedang atau tinggi, dan sebagian besar studi memiliki risiko bias yang bermakna terutama akibat faktor perancu. Karakteristik cedera saat presentasi awal dapat membantu mengenali pasien berisiko tinggi, tetapi tidak dapat menggantikan pertimbangan klinis.
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