Intervensi Keperawatan untuk Mengurangi Distress pada Pasien Post Stroke: A Sistematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v8i2.1734Keywords:
distress, pasca stroke, intervensi keperawatan, terapi komplementerAbstract
Stroke merupakan penyebab utama kematian dan disabilitas di dunia, yang tidak hanya menimbulkan gangguan fisik tetapi juga berdampak pada kondisi psikologis pasien, seperti stres, depresi, dan kecemasan. Dampak psikologis ini dapat menghambat proses rehabilitasi dan menurunkan kualitas hidup, namun perhatian terhadap aspek psikososial pasien pasca stroke masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau intervensi keperawatan yang efektif dalam mengurangi distress pada pasien post stroke melalui tinjauan literatur sistematis. Pencarian dilakukan pada database PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Scopus menggunakan kata kunci “post stroke”, “nursing intervention”, “intervention”, “distress”, dan “stress”, dibatasi pada publikasi 2021–2025. Artikel yang disertakan memiliki desain penelitian Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) dan quasi-experimental, dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan PICOS, mencakup populasi pasien stroke, intervensi keperawatan, kelompok pembanding, dan outcome distress psikologis. Proses seleksi artikel disajikan menggunakan bagan alir PRISMA, dan kualitas metodologis dievaluasi melalui instrumen Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Sebanyak 515 artikel diperoleh pada tahap identifikasi awal. Setelah melalui proses penyaringan dan seleksi sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan, sembilan artikel memenuhi syarat untuk dianalisis lebih lanjut. Temuan didapatkan berbagai intervensi keperawatan, termasuk Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), nurse-led peer support berbasis telehealth, Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) dikombinasikan rTMS, terapi relaksasi Benson, spiritual care, holistic care, Quantum Touch Therapy, intervensi berbasis stress system theory, serta model clinical pathway keperawatan. Secara keseluruhan, intervensi ini terbukti menurunkan tingkat stres dan depresi, dengan ACT, peer support, dan MBSR menunjukkan konsistensi hasil paling tinggi.
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