Paparan Asap Karhutla dan Risiko Penyakit Saluran Napas Atas: Tinjauan Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v8i5.2804Keywords:
gangguan penghidu, infeksi saluran pernapasan, kebakaran hutan, materi partikulat, rinitis, sinusitisAbstract
Tinjauan terdahulu menggabungkan luaran saluran napas atas dan bawah, sehingga bukti yang relevan bagi telinga-hidung-tenggorok (THT) belum terpetakan. Tinjauan ini bertujuan mensintesis asosiasi asap kebakaran lanskap dengan luaran saluran napas atas menurut validitas pengukuran, pada lansia (≥65 tahun), menurut atopi atau penyakit saluran napas kronis, serta translasinya ke praktik THT. PubMed dan Scopus ditelusuri untuk periode 2017 hingga 2025. Luaran rinitis, rinosinusitis, disfungsi olfaktori, dan infeksi saluran pernapasan atas (ISPA atas) diklasifikasikan ke lima tingkat validitas. Sintesis bersifat naratif. Sebanyak 22 studi observasional diikutsertakan. Dua belas studi memakai kode administratif ISPA atas, tiga proksi resep, tiga diagnosis klinis, dan empat gejala yang dilaporkan sendiri; tidak ada yang memakai tes olfaktori psikofisik atau skor gejala sinonasal tervalidasi. Di antara studi kode administratif berinterval kepercayaan, estimasi utama tidak mencakup nilai nol pada lima studi dan mencakupnya pada dua. Dua studi melaporkan estimasi lansia; interval kepercayaan 95% keduanya mencakup nilai nol (risiko relatif kumulatif 0,64; 0,39–1,05; rasio odds 1,004; 0,940–1,072). Pada satu-satunya uji interaksi formal, odds bersin lebih tinggi pada anak dengan rinitis (rasio odds tersesuaikan 7,19; 1,35–38,58; n = 24). Tidak ada uji intervensi THT. Bukti didominasi kode administratif ISPA atas; data penyakit sinonasal terdiagnosis klinis, penghidu, lansia, dan atopi masih minim. Bukti ini belum cukup sebagai dasar rekomendasi tata laksana rinitis atau rinosinusitis selama episode asap.
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