Literature Review Faktor Resiko Ibu Hamil Stres dan Cemas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v8i3.2333Keywords:
faktor risiko, ibu hamil, kecemasan, literature review, stresAbstract
Kehamilan merupakan periode transisi dinamis yang menempatkan perempuan pada kerentanan psikologis yang tinggi. Stres dan kecemasan antenatal yang tidak terkelola dengan baik berdampak sangat negatif pada luaran obstetri dan perkembangan janin, sehingga identifikasi dini berbagai faktor risiko menjadi esensial. Penelitian literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis secara komprehensif bukti ilmiah terkini mengenai prediktor stres dan kecemasan pada ibu hamil. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan sistematis berdasarkan pedoman standar PRISMA. Pencarian literatur difokuskan pada basis data medis PubMed untuk artikel observasional yang diterbitkan dalam rentang sepuluh tahun terakhir. Proses seleksi secara ketat menghasilkan empat artikel utama yang relevan untuk diekstraksi dan disintesis menggunakan pendekatan naratif. Proses seleksi tersebut pada akhirnya menghasilkan empat artikel utama yang relevan. Keempat artikel observasional yang berhasil lolos kriteria inklusi tersebut kemudian diekstraksi serta disintesis menggunakan pendekatan naratif. Studi-studi terpilih ini dipublikasikan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir untuk mengkaji berbagai prediktor atau faktor risiko penyebab stres dan kecemasan pada ibu hamil.Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kejadian stres dan kecemasan ibu hamil diakibatkan mekanisme multifaktorial kompleks yang terbagi ke dalam tiga domain utama: (1) faktor sosiodemografi, seperti pendidikan rendah dan kesulitan ekonomi; (2) faktor obstetri klinis, mencakup kehamilan tidak direncanakan dan komplikasi persalinan; serta (3) faktor psikososial, meliputi minimnya dukungan sosial, kekerasan, dan stresor krisis global. Kesimpulannya, interaksi ketiga domain ini saling beririsan memperbesar kerentanan mental ibu. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini sangat menegaskan pentingnya integrasi skrining psikologis secara proaktif ke dalam standar asuhan antenatal. Langkah ini sangat krusial guna mencegah luaran buruk, menjamin kesejahteraan ibu, serta mengoptimalkan proses tumbuh kembang janin di dalam kandungan secara maksimal.
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