Beban dan Stres pada Caregiver Lansia: Suatu Tinjauan Sistematis Determinan dan Implikasinya bagi Promosi Kesehatan

Aris Widiyanto; Ravik Karsidi

doi:10.37287/jlh.v6i4.1099

Authors

Aris Widiyanto Universitas Sebelas Maret
Ravik Karsidi Universitas Sebelas Maret

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i4.1099

Keywords:

beban pengasuhan, caregiver lansia, dukungan sosial, promosi kesehatan, stres

Abstract

Peningkatan jumlah lansia yang membutuhkan perawatan jangka panjang menjadikan caregiver keluarga sebagai aktor penting dalam sistem kesehatan. Namun, aktivitas caregiving sering menimbulkan beban fisik, emosional, sosial, dan finansial yang berkontribusi terhadap meningkatnya stres serta risiko gangguan kesehatan mental pada caregiver. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi determinan utama beban dan stres pada caregiver lansia serta menganalisis implikasinya bagi promosi kesehatan melalui tinjauan sistematis. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada basis data PubMed, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect terhadap artikel yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2019–2024. Dari 528 artikel yang teridentifikasi, 5 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah melalui proses seleksi berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA dan dianalisis menggunakan instrumen CASP dan Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Checklist. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa beban caregiving dipengaruhi oleh kondisi kesehatan lansia, intensitas perawatan, ketidakseimbangan peran keluarga, dan keterbatasan dukungan sosial. Isolasi sosial berperan sebagai mediator yang memperburuk stres, kecemasan, dan kelelahan emosional caregiver. Sebaliknya, intervensi psikososial seperti pelatihan coping, konseling, dan dukungan keluarga terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat stres caregiver. Temuan ini menegaskan perlunya strategi promosi kesehatan yang komprehensif dan berbasis bukti untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan caregiver lansia melalui penguatan dukungan sosial, pemberdayaan keluarga, dan akses terhadap layanan psikososial.

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