Analysis of Factors Influencing Visual Acuity in Preschool Children
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2287Keywords:
constipation, pregnant women, prenatal yogaAbstract
Visual impairment in preschool-aged children is a significant public health concern because it may adversely affect cognitive development, learning performance, social interactions, and overall quality of life. Several factors, including parental characteristics, outdoor activities, and exposure to digital devices, have been suggested as potential contributors to impaired vision in early childhood. This study was to identify the factors associated with visual acuity among preschool children attending TK Elfath, Sumenep Regency. An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 80 preschool children selected through a total sampling technique Data on respondent characteristics were collected using a questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, Visual acuity is measured with a direct vision screening examination utilising an E card. (tumbling E chart) at a standard distance of 3 meters according to the guidelines of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. The data were analyzed by using Chi-square tests followed by multiple logistic regression to determine the most influential predictor of visual impairment. The findings revealed that 86.3% of participants had normal visual acuity, whereas 13.8% were identified as having visual impairment. Bivariate analysis demonstrated that parental educational level, child sex, outdoor activity, and parental history of visual disorders were not significantly associated with visual impairment (p > 0.05). In contrast, screen exposure showed a statistically significant relationship with impaired vision (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis further confirmed screen exposure as the strongest determinant of visual impairment. These findings highlight the importance of limiting screen time and strengthening parental awareness to support healthy visual development in preschool children.
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