Analisis Konsep Kurang Tidur sebagai Pemicu Hipertensi dan Microsleep: Pendekatan Concept Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v7i6.908Keywords:
analisis konsep, hipertensi, kurang tidur, microsleep, risiko kardiovaskularAbstract
Kurang tidur merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global yang berdampak signifikan terhadap fungsi kardiovaskular dan neurologis. Durasi tidur yang tidak adekuat (<7 jam/malam) terbukti meningkatkan risiko hipertensi dan microsleep, dua kondisi yang berimplikasi serius terhadap keselamatan dan kesejahteraan. Pemahaman konseptual yang komprehensif diperlukan untuk mengklarifikasi atribut, anteseden, serta konsekuensi kurang tidur dalam konteks praktik keperawatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan concept analysis berdasarkan kerangka Walker dan Avant. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis melalui tiga basis data utama—PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar—pada periode September hingga November 2024, dengan kombinasi kata kunci “sleep deprivation”, “short sleep duration”, “hypertension”, dan “microsleep”. Dari 287 artikel yang ditemukan (95 PubMed, 112 ScienceDirect, 80 Google Scholar), sebanyak 45 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi setelah proses skrining bertahap (title/abstract, full-text), eliminasi duplikasi, dan penilaian kualitas menggunakan Newcastle–Ottawa Scale serta AMSTAR 2. Analisis mengidentifikasi empat atribut utama kurang tidur, yaitu durasi tidur inadekuat, ketidaksesuaian fisiologis, pola temporal akut atau kronis, dan akumulasi sleep debt. Anteseden utama mencakup faktor okupasional, perilaku, dan lingkungan. Kurang tidur berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan risiko hipertensi sebesar 20–32% melalui aktivasi simpatis dan disregulasi aksis HPA, serta meningkatkan frekuensi microsleep setelah 17–19 jam terjaga. Kurang tidur merupakan faktor risiko yang dapat dimodifikasi dengan implikasi klinis signifikan pada kesehatan kardiovaskular dan keselamatan. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya peran perawat dalam deteksi dini, edukasi higiene tidur, dan pengembangan intervensi multi-level berbasis bukti untuk pencegahan dan pengelolaan risiko.
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