Analisis Pola Makan dengan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Penyakit Ginjal Kronik yang Menjalani Hemodialisis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v8i4.2607Keywords:
hemodialisis, komorbiditas, kualitas hidup, penyakit ginjal kronik, pola makanAbstract
Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) yang memerlukan hemodialisis dapat memengaruhi kondisi fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan kualitas hidup pasien. Pola makan merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpotensi berhubungan dengan kualitas hidup melalui pengaturan asupan zat gizi dan pengendalian komplikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pola makan dengan kualitas hidup pasien PGK yang menjalani hemodialisis di Rumah Sakit Islam Siti Khadijah Palembang. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 91 pasien yang dipilih menggunakan consecutive sampling. Kualitas hidup diukur menggunakan WHOQOL-BREF, sedangkan pola makan dinilai melalui food recall 24 jam dan dianalisis menggunakan NutriSurvey. Analisis dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-Square, dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil disajikan dalam bentuk OR/aOR, 95% CI, dan nilai p, dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05. Sebanyak 56,0% responden memiliki kualitas hidup baik dan 51,6% memiliki pola makan baik. Pada analisis bivariat, usia, jenis kelamin, pekerjaan, lama hemodialisis, komorbid, dan pola makan berhubungan signifikan dengan kualitas hidup. Pola makan baik berhubungan dengan peluang 3,405 kali lebih besar untuk memiliki kualitas hidup baik (OR=3,405; 95% CI: 1,430–8,104; p=0,005). Pada analisis multivariat, faktor yang tetap berhubungan secara signifikan adalah lama hemodialisis (aOR=10,620; 95% CI: 3,029–37,240; p<0,001), komorbid (aOR=7,667; 95% CI: 2,293–25,637; p=0,001), dan jenis kelamin (aOR=4,677; 95% CI: 1,247–17,544; p=0,022), sedangkan pola makan tidak lagi signifikan setelah dikontrol oleh variabel lain (aOR=3,387; 95% CI: 0,963–11,912; p=0,057). Model menjelaskan 59,9% variasi kualitas hidup. Disimpulkan bahwa kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis terutama berhubungan dengan lama hemodialisis, komorbiditas, dan jenis kelamin, sementara pola makan menunjukkan hubungan pada analisis bivariat tetapi belum terbukti sebagai faktor independen.
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