Penilaian dan Intervensi Holistik pada Pasien Hemodialisa: Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v8i1.1456Keywords:
hemodialisa, intervensi holistik, penilaian holistikAbstract
Pasien penyakit ginjal kronik yang menjalani hemodialisis menghadapi masalah kesehatan kompleks dan multidimensional, meliputi aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual, yang berdampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup pasien. Pendekatan holistic care diperlukan untuk memberikan asuhan komprehensif dan berpusat pada pasien, namun penerapan penilaian serta intervensi holistik dalam praktik keperawatan hemodialisis belum terpetakan secara sistematis dan konsisten. Tinjauan ini bertujuan memetakan dan menganalisis bukti ilmiah terkait praktik penilaian dan intervensi holistik pada pasien hemodialisis, termasuk metode asesmen, jenis intervensi, serta dampaknya terhadap kondisi pasien secara multidimensional. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain scoping review dengan mengikuti kerangka Arksey dan O’Malley serta panduan PRISMA-ScR. Pencarian literatur dilakukan secara sistematis pada basis data Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan ProQuest. Seleksi studi didasarkan pada kerangka Population, Concept, Context (PCC). Penilaian kualitas artikel dilakukan menggunakan alat penilaian kritis Joanna Briggs Institute. Dari 12.432 artikel yang teridentifikasi, lima studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Temuan menunjukkan penilaian holistik mencakup aspek fisik, psikologis, sosial, dan spiritual melalui penggunaan instrumen terstandar seperti Holistic Health Assessment Tool for Dialysis Patients (HHAT-D) serta pemanfaatan teknologi wearable. Intervensi holistik nonfarmakologis berbasis keperawatan dan pendekatan multidisiplin efektif menurunkan kelelahan, memperbaiki kualitas tidur, meningkatkan kepatuhan perawatan, serta mendukung kualitas hidup pasien hemodialisis.
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