Hubungan antara Preeklampsia dan Paritas dengan Kejadian Bayi Berat Lahir Rendah pada Ibu Bersalin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v7i6.1079Keywords:
berat badan lahir rendah, paritas, preeklampsiaAbstract
Kelahiran bayi dengan berat di bawah standar normal tetap menjadi indikator penting kualitas kesehatan perinatal karena berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko kesakitan dan kematian neonatal. Preeklampsia dan paritas sering diidentifikasi sebagai faktor maternal yang dapat memengaruhi berat lahir, namun hasil penelitian sebelumnya masih menunjukkan temuan yang tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara preeklampsia dan tingkat paritas dengan kejadian berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR) di RSUD Blambangan Banyuwangi. Penelitian menggunakan desain potong lintang berbasis data sekunder. Data dikumpulkan melalui telaah rekam medis ibu bersalin pada periode Januari hingga Juni 2025, dengan variabel yang dikaji meliputi status preeklampsia, paritas, dan berat lahir bayi. Sebanyak 224 data ibu bersalin dipilih menggunakan teknik acak terstratifikasi untuk menjamin keterwakilan sampel. Analisis statistik dilakukan menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,05 dan perhitungan odds ratio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden merupakan primipara (53,6%) dan tidak mengalami preeklampsia (59,8%), dengan angka kejadian BBLR sebesar 29,9%. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara paritas dan kejadian BBLR (p=0,018; OR=0,490) serta antara preeklampsia dan BBLR (p=0,000; OR=3,170). Preeklampsia meningkatkan risiko kelahiran BBLR, sehingga diperlukan pemantauan antenatal yang lebih intensif pada ibu hamil berisiko.
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