Factors Associated with Sleep Quality in Pregnant Women: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2768Keywords:
associated factors, literature review, pregnancy, pregnant women, sleep qualityAbstract
Sleep quality is an important aspect of pregnancy that plays a role in maintaining the mother’s health and well-being. Various studies have identified factors associated with sleep quality in pregnant women, but the available findings remain diverse and scattered across different populations. This study aims to synthesize the evidence from observational research on factors associated with sleep quality in pregnant women. A literature search was conducted using the ScienceDirect and DOAJ databases, with Google Scholar as an additional source, for articles published between 2020 and 2026 in Indonesian and English. Studies meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were systematically reviewed, and their methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). A total of 20,511 records were identified through database searches, of which 12 observational studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results of the synthesis indicate that sleep quality in pregnant women is associated with various factors, including sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric factors, physical and clinical conditions, psychological factors, and behavior and lifestyle. The most consistently reported factors include maternal age, gestational age (particularly the third trimester), parity, hemoglobin levels or anemia, anxiety, depression, stress, fatigue, leg pain or cramps, restless legs syndrome, socioeconomic status, physical activity, caffeine consumption, and smoking habits. Sleep quality in pregnant women is associated with various factors encompassing psychological, obstetric, physical, social, and behavioral aspects.
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