Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Shampoo Containing Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) Leaf Extract Using Carboxymethyl Cellulose
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2756Keywords:
foam, homogeneity, Na-CMC, phaleria macrocarpa, phytochemical, shampooAbstract
Shampoo is a cosmetic preparation used to cleanse the hair and scalp. The incorporation of plant-based ingredients into shampoo formulations has gained increasing attention, including the use of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.) leaves, which contain secondary metabolites with potential antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical characteristics of shampoo containing mahkota dewa leaf extract with varying concentrations of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC). This laboratory experimental study used the maceration method with 96% ethanol as the extraction solvent. Three shampoo formulations were prepared using Na-CMC at concentrations of 0.50% (F1), 0.75% (F2), and 1.00% (F3). Physical evaluation included organoleptic characteristics, homogeneity, pH, and foam height. Phytochemical screening of the mahkota dewa leaf extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. All formulations exhibited homogeneous characteristics. The pH of all formulations was 4, which was within the acceptable range for shampoo preparations. The foam height remained stable for up to 15 minutes. Among the formulations, F3 containing 1.00% Na-CMC showed the most favourable physical characteristics based on the evaluated parameters. Mahkota dewa leaf extract can be formulated into a shampoo preparation using Na-CMC as a thickening agent. The formulation containing 1.00% Na-CMC demonstrated the most favourable results in terms of homogeneity, pH, and foam stability.
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