Associations of Eating Behavior, Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake, and Physical Activity with Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2279Keywords:
AEBQ, eating behavior, obesity, physical activity, sugar-sweetened beverages, waist circumferenceAbstract
The high prevalence of obesity in Indonesia relates to dietary shifts, yet concurrent studies on appetitive traits (AEBQ), sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake, and physical activity (GPAQ) remain limited. To investigate their associations with BMI and waist circumference (WC) in adults in Surakarta. Methods: A cross-sectional study utilized consecutive sampling to include 99 adults (73.7% female, mean age 49.3 years) at three primary health centers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and anthropometric measurements (body weight, height, and waist circumference). Multiple linear regression with bootstrap convidence intervals (1000 resamples). In the BMI model, significant positive associations were found for female sex (β=1.80; 95% CI –0.50 to 4.10; p=0.025), married (β=1.89; 95% CI –0.82 to 4.59; p=0.011), family history of obesity (β=4.41; 95% CI 0.88 to 7.93; p=0.014), moderate SSB intake (β=2.34; 95% CI 0.05 to 4.63; p=0.045), and excessive SSB intake (β=1.65; 95% CI 0.60 to 2.71; p=0.008). College education was inversely associated (β=–6.08; 95% CI –10.50 to –1.66; p=0.007). For WC, moderate (β=4.94; 95% CI 3.80 to 6.09; p<0.001) and excessive SSB intake (β=9.54; 95% CI 8.42 to 10.66; p<0.001) were the strongest predictors. Family history of obesity (β=8.75; 95% CI 0.82 to 16.68; p=0.031) and first-hand smoking (β=5.83; 95% CI 1.05 to 10.61; p=0.024) were also associated with larger WC, while intermediate (β=–20.55; 95% CI –38.32 to –2.78; p=0.023) and college education (β=–21.51; 95% CI –38.73 to –4.29; p=0.014) were protective. Physical activity and appetitive traits were not significant. High SSB consumption is independently associated with elevated BMI and central adiposity. Higher education was protective; family history of obesity and smoking increased risk.
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