Pengaruh Intervensi Latihan Fisik terhadap Kontrol Postural pada Anak dengan Sindrom Down Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v7i5.666Keywords:
keseimbangan, kontrol postural, latihan fisik, sindrom downAbstract
Kontrol postural adalah kemampuan untuk mempertahankan stabilitas tubuh secara statis dan dinamis melalui integrasi sistem sensorimotor, visual, dan vestibular. Anak dengan sindrom down umumnya mengalami gangguan kontrol postural akibat hipotonia, kelemahan otot, dan gangguan integrasi sensorimotor, sehingga memerlukan intervensi latihan yang tepat. Tinjauan ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh berbagai latihan terhadap peningkatan kontrol postural pada anak dengan sindrom down menggunakan desain literature review dengan pendekatan PICO. Artikel yang dikaji merupakan studi eksperimen tahun 2017–2025 dengan kata kunci aktivitas fisik, latihan fisik, kontrol postural, keseimbangan statis, dan sindrom down. Intervensi yang ditinjau meliputi virtual reality-based training, core stability training, Pilates, treadmill training, hippotherapy, whole-body vibration, dan latihan trampolin berbasis stretch-shortening cycle. Hasil telaah menunjukkan semua intervensi meningkatkan kontrol postural, keseimbangan, kekuatan otot, dan koordinasi motorik. Latihan multimodal yang mengombinasikan beberapa metode memberikan hasil paling efektif melalui peningkatan adaptasi neuromuskular dan integrasi sensorimotor. Disimpulkan bahwa latihan fisik dan sensorimotor berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kontrol postural dan keseimbangan anak dengan sindrom down serta mendukung kemandirian fungsional.
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