Non-Pharmacological Interventions and Effectiveness in Managing Hypertension among the Elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/jlh.v6i3.235Keywords:
gaya hidup, hipertensi, intervensi non-farmakologis, lansia, tekanan darahAbstract
Hipertensi merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama pada lansia yang berisiko meningkatkan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penanganan hipertensi tidak hanya berfokus pada terapi farmakologis, tetapi juga intervensi non-farmakologis yang terbukti efektif menurunkan tekanan darah serta meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis efektivitas berbagai intervensi non-farmakologis dalam mengelola hipertensi pada lansia. Metode penelitian menggunakan Systematic Literature Review dengan penelusuran artikel melalui database PubMed, Scopus, dan DOAJ menggunakan kata kunci “non pharmacological”, “interventions”, “hypertension”, dan “elderly” sehingga didaoatkan 248 artikel yang selanjutnya di seleksi menggunakan diagram alur PRISMA dengan kriteria inklusi tahun 2020–2025, sehingga diperoleh 25 artikel untuk dianalisis. Hasil telaah menunjukkan bahwa intervensi non-farmakologis seperti latihan fisik (jalan kaki, yoga, aerobik, latihan kombinasi, dan isometric handgrip), relaksasi Benson, mindfulness, serta pola makan sehat (DASH diet, diet Mediterania) secara konsisten menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik maupun diastolik secara signifikan. Selain itu, intervensi tersebut juga berdampak positif terhadap kualitas tidur, fungsi kognitif, kapasitas fungsional, dan kepatuhan pengelolaan hipertensi. Kesimpulannya, intervensi non-farmakologis merupakan strategi efektif, aman, dan dapat diterapkan secara luas dalam upaya pengendalian hipertensi pada lansia, baik sebagai terapi tunggal maupun pendamping terapi farmakologis.
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