Activity of Nanoparticle Gel from Melinjo Bark Extract (Gnetum Gnemon L.) Against Propionibacterium Acnes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.974Keywords:
antibacterial, flavonoids, melinjo peel, nanoparticles, propionibacterium acnesAbstract
Acne is a common skin problem that often occurs in teenagers and adults, and it can reduce confidence and quality of life. One of the main causes of acne is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, which lives in hair follicles and triggers inflammation in the skin. Conventional treatment usually involves topical or oral antibiotics, but long-term use may lead to resistance and reduced effectiveness. Therefore, natural alternatives are needed, including plant extracts with antibacterial activity. This study aimed to formulate a nanoparticle gel from melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) peel extract and evaluate its physical quality and antibacterial activity. The extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol, then prepared into nanoparticles by ionic gelation with chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The nanoparticles had an average size of 44.01 nm, monodisperse distribution, and a zeta potential of +42.81 mV, indicating good stability.The gel formulations were tested for organoleptic properties, viscosity, spreadability, and pH. All formulas met the standard criteria for topical gels. Antibacterial testing showed that the nanoparticle gel (F2) produced a larger inhibition zone against P. acnes (6.6 mm) compared to the extract gel (F1) (5.7 mm). These results demonstrate that melinjo peel extract formulated in nanoparticle gel has good potential as a natural topical antibacterial agent for acne treatment.
References
Agustina, R., Fadhil, R., & Mustaqimah. (2021). Organoleptic test using the hedonic and descriptive methods to determine the quality of Pliek U. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 644(1), 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/644/1/012006
Carolina, F., Nastiti, K., & Rizali, M. (2022). Thin Layer Chromatography of Secondary Metabolite Profiles and Determination of Total Flavonoid Levels of the Sawi Langit Extract that Growing on Peatlands. Journal of Advances in Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1(1), 23–30. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.jamaps-0101.427
Edo, G. I., Ugbune, U., Onoharigho, F. O., Ezekiel, G. O., Ugbuwe, E., & Agbo, J. J. (2023). Investigation of the metal complexes and bioactive compound formed by coordination of bioactive phytochemical from ginger (Zingiber officinale) extracts to metal ions. Food Chemistry Advances, 3, 100337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2023.100337
Indriastuti, M., Adnyana, I. K., Hartati, R., & Rachmawati, H. (2024). Particle Size Optimization of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Seed Hardshell: A Potential Antioxidant Alternative. Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences, 56(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.math.fund.sci.2024.56.1.2
Leung, A. K., Barankin, B., Lam, J. M., Leong, K. F., & Hon, K. L. (2021). Dermatology: How to manage acne vulgaris. Drugs in Context, 10, 2021-8–6. https://doi.org/10.7573/dic.2021-8-6
Liman, Md. L. R., Islam, M. T., Hossain, Md. M., Sarker, P., & Repon, Md. R. (2021). Environmentally benign dyeing mechanism of knitted cotton fabric with condensed and hydrolyzable tannin derivatives enriched bio-waste extracts. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 23, 101621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101621
Lokanata, S., Avrillia, R., Luman, M., Sirait, Y. J. M. B., & Panggabean, D. N. (2025). Unveiling the Antibacterial Potential of Arumanis Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Leaf Extract Against Enterococcus faecalis: A Comparative Study with Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.). Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 9(6), 7608–7621. https://doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v9i6.1299
Nofita, S. D., Ngibad, K., & Rodli, A. F. (2022). Determination of percentage yield and total phenolic content of ethanol extract from purple passion (Passiflora edulis f. Edulis Sims) fruit peel. Jurnal Pijar Mipa, 17(3), 309–313. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v17i3.3461
Rai, S., Kafle, A., Devkota, H. P., & Bhattarai, A. (2023). Characterization of saponins from the leaves and stem bark of Jatropha curcas L. for surface-active properties. Heliyon, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15807
Shanko, S. S., Badessa, T. S., & Tura, A. M. (2024). Method development and validation for the quantitative determination of total flavonoids through the complexation of iron (III) and its application in real sample. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1301, 342443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2024.342443
Shraim, A. M., Ahmed, T. A., Rahman, M. M., & Hijji, Y. M. (2021). Determination of total flavonoid content by aluminum chloride assay: A critical evaluation. LWT, 150, 111932. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111932
Sim, J., Dixit, Y., Mcgoverin, C., Oey, I., Frew, R., Reis, M. M., & Kebede, B. (2024). Machine learning-driven hyperspectral imaging for non-destructive origin verification of green coffee beans across continents, countries, and regions. Food Control, 156, 110159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.110159
Vilar, G. N., Santos, L. A. dos, & Sobral Filho, J. F. (2015). Quality of life, self-esteem and psychosocial factors in adolescents with acne vulgaris. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 90, 622–629. https://doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.201533726
Zhang, Y.-Y., Huang, Y.-F., Liang, J., & Zhou, H. (2022). Improved up-and-down procedure for acute toxicity measurement with reliable LD50 verified by typical toxic alkaloids and modified Karber method. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 23(1), 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-021-00541-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
