Profile of Esophageal Cancer Management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i2.743Keywords:
Dr. soetomo general hospital, esophageal cancer, nutritional status, prognosis, SGD 2, SDG 3, therapy, treatmentAbstract
Esophageal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide, often diagnosed at an advanced stage with limited therapeutic options. In Indonesia, particularly at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, data regarding esophageal cancer treatment remain limited. A better understanding of treatment profiles and patient characteristics is essential to improve clinical outcomes and develop early detection strategies. To analyze the profile of esophageal cancer treatment at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya during 2018–2023, including patient demographics, clinical manifestations, nutritional status, histopathological and anatomical characteristics of the tumor, TNM stage, metastasis, comorbidities, therapeutic modalities, serum albumin levels, and prognosis. This was a descriptive retrospective study using secondary data obtained from medical records of esophageal cancer patients at the Oncology Clinics of ENT-HN and Internal Medicine Departments, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, from 2018 to 2023. Total sampling was applied, with 65 patients meeting the inclusion criteria out of 157 cases. Data analyzed included demographic characteristics, clinical symptoms, nutritional status, tumor type and location, TNM stage, presence of metastasis, comorbidities, therapy received, serum albumin levels, and treatment outcomes. The data were analyzed descriptively and presented as frequency distributions. The majority of patients were male and aged ≥60 years, presenting with dysphagia as the most common symptom. Most patients were diagnosed at advanced stages, with squamous cell carcinoma as the predominant histological type and the distal third of the esophagus as the most frequent tumor location. Common comorbidities included hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Many patients had hypoalbuminemia, reflecting poor nutritional status. Therapeutic modalities provided included gastrostomy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combination, although a substantial proportion received only supportive care. Mortality remained high, and curative outcomes were limited. Esophageal cancer cases at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital were predominantly diagnosed at advanced stages with poor nutritional status and multiple comorbidities, resulting in limited curative treatment options and poor prognosis. Strengthening early detection, nutritional optimization, and multidisciplinary care are crucial to improving outcomes in esophageal cancer patients.
References
American Cancer Society. (2020). Treating Esophagus Cancer. American Cancer Society.
American Society of Clinical Oncology. (2022). Kanker Esofagus : Pendahuluan Mencari Lebih Banyak Pendahuluan ? American Cancer Society.
Bangolo, A., Nagesh, V. K., Simonson, G., Thapa, A., Ram, A., Santhakumari, N. J., Chamroukh, R., Varughese, V. J., Nareeba, S., Menon, A., Sridharan, K., Chacko, A. A., Mansour, C., Elias, D., Singh, G. R., Rambaransingh, A., Mendez, L. R., Levy, C., Kianifar Aguilar, I., … Weissman, S. (2024). The Impact of Tumor Stage and Histopathology on Survival Outcomes in Esophageal Cancer Patients over the Past Decade. Medical Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 12(4), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci12040070
Berry, M. F. (2014). Esophageal cancer: Staging system and guidelines for staging and treatment. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 6(SUPPL.3), 289–297. https://doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.03.11
Birla, R., Achim, F., Marica, C., & Constantinoiu, S. (2020). Palliation of dysphagia in patients with unresectable oesophageal tumours—current methods and indications—a review. Digestive Medicine Research, 3(6), 26–26. https://doi.org/10.21037/dmr-20-67
Cavallin, F., Scarpa, M., Cagol, M., Alfieri, R., Ruol, A., Chiarion Sileni, V., Rugge, M., Ancona, E., & Castoro, C. (2018). Time to diagnosis in esophageal cancer: a cohort study. Acta Oncologica, 57(9), 1179–1184. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2018.1457224
Chen, N., Yu, Y., Shen, W., Xu, X., & Fan, Y. (2024). Nutritional status as prognostic factor of advanced oesophageal cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clinical Nutrition, 43(1), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2023.11.030
Choksi, D., Kolhe, K. M., Ingle, M., Rathi, C., Khairnar, H., Chauhan, S. G., Chaudhary, V., Shukla, A., & Pandey, V. (2020). Universal health coverage ‑ There is more to it than meets the eye. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(3), 1695–1699. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1111_19
Deng, J., Chu, X., Ren, Z., & Wang, B. (2020). Relationship between T stage and survival in distantly metastatic esophageal cancer: A STROBE-compliant study. Medicine (United States), 99(19), E20064. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020064
Du, Q., Wu, X., Zhang, K., Cao, F., Zhao, G., Wei, X., Guo, Z., Li, Y., Dong, J., Zhang, T., Zhang, W., Wang, P., Chen, X., & Pang, Q. (2023). Predictive and prognostic markers from endoscopic ultrasound with biopsies during definitive chemoradiation therapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer, 23(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-023-10803-8
Globocan. (2021). Kanker Esofagus. Indonesia Cancer Care Community.
Guven, D. C., Sahin, T. K., Erul, E., Rizzo, A., Ricci, A. D., Aksoy, S., & Yalcin, S. (2022). The association between albumin levels and survival in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 9(December). https://doi.org/10.3389/fmolb.2022.1039121
Huang, F. L., & Yu, S. J. (2018). Esophageal cancer: Risk factors, genetic association, and treatment. Asian Journal of Surgery, 41(3), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asjsur.2016.10.005
Lee, D. H., Lee, D. N., Jang, H. Bin, Lee, J. K., Lim, S. C., Yun, J. S., & Na, K. J. (2024). Treatment outcomes of elective neck dissection in intrathoracic esophageal carcinoma. Oncology Letters, 28(2), 2–6. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14519
Lee, J. Y., & Choi, Y. (2023). Low body mass index is associated with poor treatment outcome following radiotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Radiation Oncology Journal, 41(1), 40–47. https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2022.00640
Li, B., Liu, Y., Peng, J., Sun, C., & Rang, W. (2021). Trends of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality and its influencing factors in china. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 4809–4821. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S312790
Liu, Y. (2025). Prognostic and clinicopathological value of C-reactive protein in patients with bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine, 57(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/07853890.2024.2445781
Lu, S. W., Pai, C. P., Yang, T. H., Lu, J. X., Hsiao, C. H., & Yen, C. C. (2023). Clinical characteristics and risk factors for 30-day mortality in esophageal cancer patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a multicenter study. Frontiers in Oncology, 13(May), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2023.1184710
Mukkamalla, S. K. R., Wang, Y., Lyons, S., & Babiker, H. M. (2023). Kanker Kerongkongan. StatPearls.
Sheikh, M., Roshandel, G., McCormack, V., & Malekzadeh, R. (2023). Current Status and Future Prospects for Esophageal Cancer. Cancers, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030765
Siloam Hospitals. (2023). Apa itu Kanker Esofagus ? Penyebab Kanker Esofagus Faktor Risiko Kanker Esofagus. Siloam Hospitals.
Stabellini, N., Chandar, A. K., Chak, A., Barda, A. J., Dmukauskas, M., Waite, K., & Barnholtz-Sloan, J. S. (2022). Sex differences in esophageal cancer overall and by histological subtype. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09193-x
Van, B. P., Thanh, H. N. T., Thi, H. Le, Tuan, A. N. Le, Thu, H. D. T., & Viet, D. D. (2021). Nutritional status and feeding regimen of patients with esophagus cancer—a study from vietnam. Healthcare (Switzerland), 9(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030289
Wang, Y., Xie, Z., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Z., & Li, S. (2022). Symptom clusters and impact on quality of life in esophageal cancer patients. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 20(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-022-02084-9
Xie, S. H., & Lagergren, J. (2016). The Male Predominance in Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 14(3), 338-347.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2015.10.005
Xu, J., Zhang, K., Chen, H., Wu, W., Li, X., Huang, Y., Wu, Y., & Zhang, J. (2024). Squamous cell carcinoma predicts worse prognosis in stage IA (≤ 2 cm) non-small cell lung cancer patients following sublobectomy: a population-based study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81965-z
Xu, Q. L., Li, H., Zhu, Y. J., & Xu, G. (2020). The treatments and postoperative complications of esophageal cancer: A review. Journal of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 15(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13019-020-01202-2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
