The Relationship of Knowledge and Self-Efficacy with Foot Self-Care among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v9i1.2865Keywords:
diabetic foot ulcer, foot self-care, procalcitonin , self-efficacy, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Diabetic foot ulcer is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that can be prevented through foot self-care. Knowledge and self-efficacy may be related to this practice, yet evidence among outpatients in Indonesia remains limited. To analyze the relationship of foot care knowledge and self-efficacy with foot self-care behavior among patients with T2DM. A quantitative correlational cross-sectional study was conducted among 156 outpatients with T2DM at PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Hospital (Agustus–October 2025), recruited by purposive sampling. Knowledge, self-efficacy and foot self-care behavior were measured with the Diabetic Foot Knowledge Scale, the General Self-Efficacy Scale and the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare, respectively. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation. Most respondents had moderate knowledge (66.7%), moderate self-efficacy (72.4%) and good foot self-care behavior (76.9%). Knowledge (rs = 0.183; 95% CI 0.03–0.33; p = 0.023) and self-efficacy (rs = 0.207; 95% CI 0.05–0.35; p= 0.010) were weakly and positively correlated with foot self-care behavior. Knowledge and self-efficacy are positive but weakly associated with foot self-care behavior, each sharing less than 5% of its variation. Foot care education should be combined with strategies that strengthen self-efficacy.
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