Factors Influencing Self-Care among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v9i1.2854Keywords:
family support, knowledge, self-care, self-efficacy, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that requires continuous management through self-care. The success of self-care is influenced by various internal and external factors that may affect patients’ ability to manage their condition. This study aimed to identify and analyze the factors influencing self-care among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. This study employed a literature review design following the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed for articles published between 2021 and 2025. The search keywords included “Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus,” “Self-Care,” “Knowledge,” “Family Support,” and “Self-Efficacy.” A total of 3,115 articles were initially identified, comprising 2,450 articles from Google Scholar and 685 from PubMed. After removing 2,353 duplicates and screening the remaining records, 30 articles were assessed for eligibility, and 12 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed using narrative synthesis, and the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools. The findings showed that self-care among patients with T2DM was influenced by several factors, particularly family support, self-efficacy, knowledge, psychological conditions, attitudes and health beliefs, activity ability, and diabetes self-management education. Family support contributed through emotional and instrumental support, motivation, assistance, and accompaniment in self-care activities. The findings regarding the duration of diabetes and its relationship with self-care were inconsistent across studies. Self-care among patients with T2DM is influenced by the interaction of various internal and external factors. A comprehensive approach involving continuous diabetes education, enhancement of self-efficacy, family support, psychological management, and healthy lifestyle promotion is needed to strengthen patients’ self-care.
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