Medication Adherence and Blood Glucose Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2780Keywords:
glycemic control, medication adherence, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Managing type 2 diabetes mellitus involves long-term treatment and regular monitoring to keep blood glucose levels under control. Consistent use of prescribed medication is one aspect that may be related to the achievement of glycemic targets. However, the findings reported in earlier studies have not shown a completely uniform pattern. This review aimed to examine the available evidence concerning the association between patients’ adherence to antidiabetic medication and their glycemic control. Relevant publications were identified through searches conducted in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. The literature search focused on the terms “type 2 diabetes mellitus,” “medication adherence,” and “glycemic control.” The identification, screening, and selection of studies followed the PRISMA framework. After applying the predetermined eligibility criteria, A total of 12 articles published between 2020 and 2025 were retained for analysis from 14,467 records initially identified. Evidence from most of the selected studies demonstrated a statistically significant association between adherence to medication and glycemic outcomes. Across these studies, patients who took their prescribed medication more consistently tended to have better blood glucose or HbA1c results than those with less consistent adherence. The reviewed evidence suggests that maintaining medication adherence is associated with better glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Supporting adherence can involve several approaches, including strengthening patients’ understanding of treatment, increasing support from family members, and providing continued assistance from healthcare professionals.
References
Apsari, N., & Sartika, R. A. D. (2024). Hubungan persepsi hambatan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien diabetes melitus di Puskesmas Pasar Minggu Jakarta Selatan. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion), 7(5), 1281–1293. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v7i5.5114
Ariani, N., Alfian, R., & Prihandiwati, E. (2022). Tingkat perilaku pengobatan, kepatuhan minum obat, dan kadar gula darah pasien diabetes mellitus rawat jalan di RSUD Brigjend. H. Hasan Basry Kandangan. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung: Sains Farmasi dan Kesehatan, 8(1), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.51352/jim.v8i1.523
Aulia, R., Wahyuningsih, M. S. H., & Huriyati, E. (2022). Asupan zat gizi makro dan kepatuhan minum obat antidiabetik terhadap kadar HbA1c pada penyandang diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 19(2), 79–87. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.70259
Chusun, Husni Sanjaya Mira, C. L. E. (2025). Hubungan pendidikan terhadap tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dan pengaruhnya pada kadar gula darah sewaktu pasien diabetes melitus tipe II di ruang inap Rumah Sakit X Jakarta. Jurnal, 7(1), 118–135. https://doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v7i1.675
Della, A., Subiyanto, P., & Maria, A. (2023). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe II. Jurnal Keperawatan Klinis dan Komunitas (Clinical and Community Nursing Journal), 7(2), 124–136. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkkk.83090
Duri, V. R. S., Ellina, A. D., & Nurwijayanti. (2024). Efektifitas kepatuhan pelaksanaan empat pilar diabetes militus terhadap kadar gula darah dan kadar HbA1C penderita diabetes militus tipe 2 (studi di Klinik Zahra Medika Silo Jember). Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan, 6(1). https://ejournal.unklab.ac.id/index.php/kjn
Eze, U. I. H., Akhumi, T. F., Iheanacho, C. O., & Saka, S. A. (2022). Drug therapy and medication adherence in type 2 diabetes in a care facility: A cross-sectional survey. Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy, 8, 100200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rcsop.2022.100200
Hardianto, D. (2021). Telaah komprehensif diabetes melitus: Klasifikasi, gejala, diagnosis, pencegahan, dan pengobatan. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI), 7(2), 304–317. https://doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v7i2.4209
Hasanah, U., Kurniawati, D., Mustaqimah, & Yuwindry, I. (2024). Hubungan kepatuhan pasien diabetes dalam mengonsumsi obat antidiabetes oral terhadap kadar gula darah puasa di RSUD Ulin Banjarmasin. Jurnal Sains Medis, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v10i2.7725
Laili, N. F., Probosiwi, N., Dianati, S., Vitria, L., & Hidayah, L. (2025). Analisis hubungan faktor perilaku pengendalian pasien diabetes mellitus dengan kadar gula darah di Puskesmas Sukorame Kediri. Jurnal Inovasi Farmasi Indonesia, 6(2), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.30737/jafi.v6i2.6526
Mpila, D. A., Wiyono, W. I., & Lolo, W. A. (2024). Hubungan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dengan kadar gula darah dan kualitas hidup pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Klinik Imanuel Manado. Medical Scope Journal, 6(1), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.35790/msj.v6i1.51696
Muzhaffarah, S. F., Simamora, R. S., & Roulita. (2024). Hubungan dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan kontrol gula darah pada penderita diabetes mellitus (DM). Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 6(4), 1539–1548. https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v6i4.2717
Olickal, J. J., Chinnakali, P., Suryanarayana, B. S., Saya, G. K., Ganapathy, K., & Subrahmanyam, D. K. S. (2021). Medication adherence and glycemic control status among people with diabetes seeking care from a tertiary care teaching hospital, South India. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 11, 100742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2021.100742
Putri, A. U., Rosadi, E., & Arif, A. (2025). Hubungan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat dengan kadar gula darah puasa pasien diabetes melitus. Jurnal Kesehatan Terapan, 12(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.54816/jk.v12i1.873
Qodir, A., Rahmawati, M., & Wulandari, A. T. (2024). Kepatuhan diet dan kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2: Studi cross-sectional. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5(3), 9530–9538. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i3.33406
Ramadhani, A. F., & Hati, A. K. (2024). Hubungan tingkat pengetahuan, kepatuhan minum obat, dan kadar gula darah puasa pasien diabetes melitus di Puskesmas X Kabupaten Batang. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy and Natural Product, 7(1), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.35473/ijpnp.v7i01.2282
Rosalinda, J., & Nugraheni, A. Y. (2023). Faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kepatuhan pengobatan pasien hipertensi di Puskesmas Kotagede II Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 15(2), 1–16. https://myjurnal.poltekkes-kdi.ac.id/index.php/hijp/article/view/1323
Sa’dyah, N. A. C., Sabiti, F. B., & Susilo, S. T. (2021). Kepatuhan pengobatan terhadap indeks glikemik kontrol pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II di Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research, 6(3), 287–294. https://doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v6i3.51930
Saibi, Y., Romadhon, R., & Nasir, N. M. (2020). Kepatuhan terhadap pengobatan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2 di Puskesmas Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal), 6(1), 94–103. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2020.v6.i1.15002
Susanti, N., Nursalam, & Nadatien, I. (2023). Pengaruh education and support group berbasis teori self care terhadap kepatuhan, kemandirian perawatan kaki dan kadar glukosa darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Keperawatan Suaka Insan, 8(1), 21–29. https://doi.org/10.51143/jksi.v8i1.413
Syatriani, S., Amaliah, A. R., & Marwanti. (2023). Faktor yang berhubungan dengan kepatuhan minum obat penderita diabetes melitus tipe II di Puskesmas Tamamaung. Jurnal Promotif Preventif, 6(3), 394–402. https://doi.org/10.47650/jpp.v6i3.822
Wahyuni, A., Rasyid, F. A., & Hasnaeni, H. (2024). Analisis kepatuhan minum obat oral pada diabetes mellitus tipe 2 berdasarkan teori planned behaviour di Kota Makassar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia. Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan (J. Sains. Kes), 6(5), 666–672. https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i5.2315
Wathani, I. H. N., Purba, M. B., & Helmyati, S. (2024). Kepatuhan minum obat hipoglikemik oral dan indeks massa tubuh terhadap kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Jurnal Gizi Klinik Indonesia, 20(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcn.91474
World Health Organization. (2024). Diabetes. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diabetes
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
