Nursing Care for Patients with HIV/AIDS Assessment of Self-Acceptance Based On The Kübler-Ross Theory

Abstract

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a chronic disease that affects not only physical health but also the psychological well-being of individuals living with HIV/AIDS. One psychological response experienced by people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) is the process of self-acceptance, which can be understood through the Kübler-Ross Theory. Assessment of self-acceptance is an important component of nursing care because patients may demonstrate different emotional responses and therefore require individualized nursing approaches. To describe the implementation of nursing care for patients with HIV/AIDS, with a focus on assessing self-acceptance based on the Kübler-Ross Theory. This study employed a case study design involving two female patients with HIV/AIDS receiving care at the Teratai Clinic of Persahabatan Hospital. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, physical examinations, documentation review, and psychological assessment based on the five stages of the Kübler-Ross Theory. The data were analyzed descriptively by comparing the self-acceptance processes of the two patients. The assessment revealed differences in the self-acceptance processes of the two patients. Although both patients had been receiving antiretroviral (ARV) therapy for several years, they demonstrated different psychological responses based on the Kübler-Ross Theory. Mrs. MK exhibited characteristics of several stages of the Kübler-Ross Theory, with depression being the predominant response, characterized by feelings of guilt, regret, worthlessness, and persistent sadness. In contrast, Mrs. SH demonstrated characteristics of acceptance, as indicated by her ability to accept her condition as a person living with HIV, maintain adherence to ARV therapy, have positive life goals, and actively participate in a Peer Support Group (KDS). These findings indicate that the process of self-acceptance is individual and dynamic and is not solely determined by the length of time a person has been living with HIV/AIDS. Assessment of self-acceptance based on the Kübler-Ross Theory helps nurses identify the stage of psychological adaptation in patients with HIV/AIDS and provides a basis for developing individualized, holistic, and patient-centered nursing care.