Validity and Reliability of the Indonesian Version of the Hypertension Self-Care Questionnaire (HSCQ) among Patients with Hypertension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i6.2697Keywords:
hypertension, questionnaire, reliability, validity, self-careAbstract
In order to effectively control hypertension over the long term, self-care is essential. Therefore, evaluating self-care practices among Indonesian individuals with hypertension requires a tool that is both culturally and linguistically acceptable. The aim of this study was to assess the validity and reliability of the Hypertension Self-Care Questionnaire (HSCQ) in Indonesian. The HSCQ was adapted through a systematic translation and cross-cultural adaptation process involving forward translation, synthesis, back translation, expert review, pretesting, and psychometric evaluation. A total of 160 adult patients with hypertension participated in the psychometric evaluation. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with AMOS, while internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item-total correlation (CITC). The 16-item Indonesian HSCQ demonstrated good internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.862. CITC values ranged from 0.321 to 0.657, with all items exceeding the predefined criterion of 0.30. Standardized factor loadings ranged from 0.625 to 0.823. The CFA demonstrated a good-fitting model (χ² = 116.083, df = 94, p = 0.061, CMIN/DF = 1.235, RMSEA = 0.038, GFI = 0.918, CFI = 0.979, and TLI = 0.973). No negative residual variances or standardized factor loadings exceeding 1.00 were identified in the model. The Indonesian version of the HSCQ demonstrated acceptable construct validity and internal consistency, supporting its potential use for assessing hypertension self-care among Indonesian adults with hypertension.
References
Alkubati, N. A., Al-Hanawi, M. K., & Altowairqi, M. H. (2023). Self-care practices and its predictors among adults with hypertension in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 23(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-023-03189-y
Azmiardi, A., Atmojo, J. T., Anasulfalah, H., Mubarok, A. S., & Iswahyuni, S. (2023). Hypertension Self-Care Behavior and Its Associated Factors among Patients with Hypertension. 08, 249–257.
Beaton, D. E., Bombardier, C., Guillemin, F., & Ferraz, M. B. (2000). Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine, 25(24), 3186–3191. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200012150-00014
Cruchinho, P., López-Franco, M. D., Capelas, M. L., Almeida, S., Bennett, P. M., da Silva, M. M., Teixeira, G., Nunes, E., Lucas, P., & Gaspar, F. (2024). Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Measurement Instruments: A Practical Guideline for Novice Researchers. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of Measurement Instruments: A Practical Guideline for Novice Researchers. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S419714
Eghbali-Babadi, M., Feizi, A., Khosravi, A., Nouri, F., Taheri, M., & Sarrafzadegan, N. (2019). Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of a hypertension self-care questionnaire. ARYA Atherosclerosis, 15(5), 241–249. https://doi.org/10.22122/arya.v15i5.1835
Goretzko, D., Siemund, K., & Sterner, P. (2024). Evaluating Model Fit of Measurement Models in Confirmatory Factor Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131644231163813
Hair, J. F. . B. B. J. . A. R. E. . B. W. C. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage. https://books.google.com/books/about/Multivariate_Data_Analysis.html?id=0R9ZswEACAAJ
Irwan, A. M., & Potempa, K. (2022). Self-Care Management for Hypertension in Southeast Asia : A Scoping Review. August.
Irwan, A. M., Potempa, K., Abikusno, N., Irwan, A. M., & Potempa, K. (2022). Self-Care Management for Hypertension in Southeast Asia : A Scoping Review Self-Care Management for Hypertension in Southeast Asia : A Scoping Review. 2390. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S367638
Konlan, K. D. (2023). Determinants of Self- Care and Home- Based Management of Hypertension : An Integrative Review. 18(1). https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.1190
Mccarthy, C. P., Force, T., States, C. U., Bruno, R. M., France, T. F. C., Brouwers, S., Canavan, M. D., Ceconi, C., Maria, R., Canada, S. S. D., Ferro, C. J., Kingdom, U., Hanssen, H., Harris, J., Kingdom, U., Lauder, L., Mcmanus, R. J., Kingdom, U., Molloy, G. J., … Pedro, M. M. (2024). 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension Developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology ( ESC ) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology ( ESE ) and the European Stroke Organisation ( ESO ). 3912–4018. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178
Mokkink, L. B., Elsman, E. B. M., & Terwee, C. B. (2024). COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures version 2 . 0. 2929–2939.
Naddafi, F., Jafari, A., Hosseinzadeh Younesi, E., & Sajjadi, M. (2025). Translation and psychometric evaluation of Self-Care of Hypertension Inventory Version 3.0 (SC-HI v3.0) in Iranian population. Frontiers in Public Health, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1423923
Organization, W. H. (2025). Global report on hypertension 2025: High stakes—turning evidence into action. https://doi.org/https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240115569?
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2021). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (11 (ed.)). Wolters Kluwer.
Polit, D. F., Beck, T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Focus on Research Methods Is the CVI an Acceptable Indicator of Content Validity ? Appraisal and Recommendations. 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur
Prinsen, C. B. T. C. A. C., Westerman, A. C. M. J., Alonso, D. L. P. J., & Bouter, L. M. (2018). COSMIN methodology for evaluating the content validity of patient- reported outcome measures : a Delphi study. Quality of Life Research, 27(5), 1159–1170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-018-1829-0
Sarfika, R. (2025). Self-care behavior among adult patients with hypertension in Padang , West Sumatra , Indonesia : A cross-sectional study. 9(6), 595–602.
Shabani, M., Kharameh, Z. T., Sheikholeslamikabiri, F., & Judy, M. (2023). Translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Hypertension Self ‑ Care Activity Level Effects ( H ‑ SCALE ). BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-023-03460-z
Stefana, A., Damiani, S., Granziol, U., Provenzani, U., Solmi, M., & Fusar-poli, P. (2025). behavioral sciences measurement scales : best practice guidelines for their development and validation. January. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1494261
Unger, T., Borghi, C., Charchar, F., Khan, N. A., & Poulter, N. R. (2020). 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. 38(6). https://doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002453
Upoyo, A. S., Taufik, A., Anam, A., Nuriya, N., Saryono, S., & Setyopranoto, I. (2021). Translation and Validation of the Indonesian Version of the Hypertension Self-care Profile. 9, 980–984.
Widyastuti, C. S., Dinarti, L. K., Aulawi, K., & Lazuardi, L. (2025). Effectiveness of mHealth on self-care profile and blood pressure among patients with hypertension in Indonesia : A single-blind randomized controlled trial. 11(3), 294–304.
Zhao, Y. (2024). Conducting cross-cultural , multi-lingual or multi-country scale development and validation in health care research : A 10-step framework based on a scoping review. 14. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.14.04151
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
