The Effect of Allium sativum Extract on TNF-α Expression in the Middle Ear of Rats with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa-Induced Otitis Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2388Keywords:
allium sativum extract, otitis media, pseudomonas aeruginosa induction, rat middle ear, tumor necrosis factor expressionAbstract
Otitis media (OM) encompasses a spectrum of inflammatory diseases of the middle ear, including acute otitis media (AOM), otitis media with effusion (OME), and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). This study aimed to determine the effect of Allium sativum extract administration on TNF-α expression in the middle ear tissue of rat models with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced otitis media. This study was an experimental animal study using a post-test-only control group design. A total of 36 rats that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. The study was conducted at the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from February to June 2026. The study population consisted of healthy and active male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 2–3 months, in which otitis media was induced using Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The subjects were divided into six groups; based on Federer’s formula, each group consisted of six ears. Data analysis was performed using ANOVA (for normally distributed data), the Kruskal–Wallis test (for non-normally distributed data), and post-hoc tests (to evaluate differences between groups). TNF-α expression in the middle ear tissue of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced otitis media model rats showed an increase, with moderate and strong expression levels; the negative control group showed a decrease, with weak and moderate expression but no strong expression; the 70% concentration Allium sativum extract group showed a decrease (severe category); and the 80% and 90% concentration groups showed weak and moderate expression, with no severe categories observed. The administration of Allium sativum extract ear drops demonstrated the potential to reduce TNF-α expression in the middle ear tissue of rat models with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced otitis media at concentrations of 80% and 90%.
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