Analysis of Determinant Factors of Low Birth Weight (LBW) Incidence

Abstract

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is a public health indicator that reflects the maternal nutritional status, pregnancy health, and the quality of maternal health services. LBW increases the risk of infant death, neonatal morbidity, growth disorders, and chronic diseases later in life. In the city of Depok, the prevalence of LBW has increased over the past three years despite relatively good access to services, indicating complex determining factors. This study aims to analyze the determinant factors of LBW incidence. The research used a mixed methods design, with the quantitative phase conducted using a casecontrol design on mothers who gave birth to low birth weight babies and babies with normal birth weight. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression, quantitative data collection was a questionnaire that had undergone validity and reliability testing, with a Cronbach’s Alpha value of 0.946.. The qualitative phase was conducted using Convergent Parallel through in-depth interviews with mothers, families, and healthcare workers. Qualitative analysis used Braun & Clarke's thematic analysis technique.  Quantitative findings showed that low maternal education, low economic status, at-risk maternal age, high parity, short birth spacing, inadequate weight gain, suboptimal antenatal visits, and pregnancy-related medical risks were significantly associated with LBW (p < 0.05). Maternal education was identified as the most dominant factor. Qualitative results revealed that low health literacy, limited family support, and barriers to accessing information contributed to LBW incidence. Low birth weight in infants is influenced by the interaction of maternal, socioeconomic, and environmental factors.