Effects of Chrononutrition, Emotional Eating, and Self-Control on Blood Pressure among Hypertensive Patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2226Keywords:
blood pressure, chrononutrition, emotional eating, hypertension, self-controlAbstract
Hypertension remains a major global health challenge, with pharmacological treatment as the mainstay of management. However, modifiable behavioural and chronobiological factors such as chrononutrition, emotional eating, and self-control are increasingly recognised as important contributors to blood pressure regulation. Despite this recognition, these three factors have not been examined together in hypertensive populations. Understanding their combined relationships is important to support the development of more comprehensive behavioural interventions for hypertension management. Therefore, this study aimed to simultaneously examine the relationships between chrononutrition, emotional eating, and self-control with blood pressure among hypertensive patients attending primary health centres in Banjarsari District, Surakarta, Indonesia. Specifically, the study sought to analyze the associations of chrononutrition, emotional eating, and self-control with blood pressure in this population. This cross-sectional study evaluated how these three factors relate to blood pressure among hypertensive patients attending six community health centres (Puskesmas) in Banjarsari District, Surakarta, Indonesia. Using proportional random sampling, 115 participants were enrolled. Chrononutrition, emotional eating, and self-control were assessed using the Chrononutrition Questionnaire, the Emotional Eater Questionnaire, and a modified Brief Self-Control Scale, respectively. All three instruments had been tested and demonstrated good to excellent validity and reliability, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.867 to 0.928. Blood pressure was measured using a validated digital sphygmomanometer following the 2025 American Heart Association standards. Ordinal logistic regression adjusted for age and sex showed that poor chrononutrition (AOR = 4.424), emotional eating (AOR up to 15.503), and low self-control (AOR = 20.752) were each independently associated with higher blood pressure categories, with self-control being the strongest predictor. These findings suggest that integrating behavioural assessments into primary hypertension care is warranted.
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