Predictors of Anemia among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.2211Keywords:
adolescent girls, anemia, iron supplementation, knowledge, menstrual characteristics, socioeconomic factorsAbstract
Anemia among adolescent girls remains a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries, due to its negative impacts on reproductive health, cognitive development, academic performance, and future pregnancy outcomes. Iron deficiency, socioeconomic status, dietary behavior, menstrual characteristics, and inadequate nutritional knowledge are among the contributing factors associated with anemia in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the association between parental income, maternal education, tea consumption habits, knowledge, attitudes, iron supplement adherence, menstrual characteristics, and the severity of anemia among adolescent girls at a public senior high school in Mataram, Indonesia. A quantitative study with a cross-sectional design was conducted among adolescent girls diagnosed with anemia at SMAN Mataram. A total sampling technique was applied, involving 62 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using structured questionnaires assessing socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, knowledge, attitudes, iron supplement consumption, and menstrual conditions. The questionnaires demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability, with all items meeting validity criteria (r > 0.30) and Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.79 to 0.87. The incidence and severity of anemia were determined based on hemoglobin screening data. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test with a significance level of p < 0.05. The findings showed significant associations between anemia severity and parental income (p = 0.004), maternal education level (p < 0.001), knowledge regarding anemia (p < 0.001), iron supplement adherence (p = 0.008), and menstrual conditions (p = 0.004). However, tea consumption habits (p = 0.753) and attitudes toward anemia prevention (p = 0.323) were not significantly associated with anemia severity among adolescent girls. Socioeconomic factors, anemia-related knowledge, iron supplement adherence, and menstrual characteristics were significantly associated with anemia severity among adolescent girls. Strengthening school-based anemia prevention programs, improving adolescent health literacy, and enhancing adherence to iron supplementation are essential strategies to reduce anemia among adolescents.
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