Implementing Diabetes Mellitus Self-Care Education to Improve Adherence to Self-Care Practices: Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.2023Keywords:
diabetes mellitus, health education, satisfaction, self-careAbstract
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that requires long-term management through pharmacological therapy and adherence to self-care. Non-compliance with self-care can lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels and increase the risk of acute and chronic complications. Health education is one nursing intervention that can improve self-care adherence in DM patients. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness of implementing self-care education leaflets in improving self-care adherence among DM patients. This study used a case study design with a pre-post monitoring approach. Respondents were three DM patients selected purposively. The intervention, in the form of self-care education using leaflets, was administered once, followed by three monitoring sessions on October 24, 26, and 28, 2025. The instrument used was the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), which assesses four aspects: diet, physical activity, blood sugar monitoring, and foot care. The data analysis was descriptive, comparing SDSCA scores and Random Blood Sugar (RBS) levels before and after the intervention. Pre-test scores were obtained during the first evaluation, before respondents received self-care education through leaflets. Post-test scores were assessed through the second and third evaluations after the intervention. Changes in adherence were identified by increases in SDSCA scores for each respondent, while decreases in RBS levels evaluated glycemic control during the monitoring period. The results were presented in tables and narratively interpreted to describe changes in self-care behaviour and blood glucose levels after the educational intervention. Self-care adherence scores increased among all respondents following education. SDSCA scores increased from poor to adequate, then to good. This increase in adherence was accompanied by a gradual decrease in GDS levels at each evaluation. Self-care education using leaflets, accompanied by SDSCA monitoring, was effective in increasing self-care adherence and improving glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus.
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