Risk Factors for Prediabetes in Productive Age: Analysis of NCD Screening Data

Abstract

One way to prevent diabetes mellitus is by preventing prediabetes, or glucose intolerance. Prediabetes is a reversible condition, while diabetes is irreversible. Prediabetes offers a valuable opportunity to prevent or delay the progression to diabetes. Nearly 4-9% of people with prediabetes will develop diabetes each year. Within 3-5 years, prediabetes will develop into type 2 diabetes mellitus in around 25% of patients and as many as 70% of patients are predicted to experience diabetes mellitus throughout their lives. If current trends continue, efforts must be made to stem the wave of new cases that are likely to emerge in the future. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the most effective indicators for predicting the development of prediabetes and to identify people at higher risk of developing prediabetes.Various studies have shown a causal relationship between prediabetes and cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors for prediabetes in the productive age group (aged 15-64) in Balikpapan City. This research design uses a cross-sectional design, utilizing secondary data, namely the results of 2024 Non Communicable Disease screenings in Balikpapan City, Data were collected using a structured questionnaire administered directly to respondents and supported by secondary data from medical records. Sampling in this study used purposive sampling technique. The formula used to determine the sample size is the Lemeshow formula. A total of 290 subjects ( 94 males, 196 females, productive age; 15 – 64 years old) whom have prediabetes screening. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using logistic regression. The data comes from medical records containing the variables age, gender, and prediabetes risk factors. Out of 290 subjects, results of analysis showed that age (p = 0.006; OR = 0.404), gender (p = 0.039; OR = 2.237), and physical activity (p = 0.046; OR = 2.148) were significantly associated with prediabetes. Based on the Odds Ratio (OR), specific gender groups were 2.2 times more likely to experience prediabetes compared to the reference group. Demographic factors and physical activity significantly influence prediabetes risk.