Effect of Garcinia mangostana Linn. Pericarp Extract Supplementation on Lipid Profile and Glycemic Parameters in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i4.1661Keywords:
elderly, HDL, LDL, lipid profile, mangosteen pericarp extract, randomized controlled trial, type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in the elderly is frequently accompanied by dyslipidemia, increasing cardiovascular risk. Mangosteen pericarp, derived from Garcinia mangostana Linn., contains xanthones with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that may improve metabolic parameters. The aim of this study is evaluate the effect of mangosteen pericarp extract supplementation on lipid profile, glycemic parameters, and insulin resistance in elderly patients with T2DM. This double-blind randomized controlled trial included 72 elderly T2DM patients allocated into a supplementation group (n=36) and a placebo-controlled group (n=36). Consecutive sampling was used for this study. Baseline and post-intervention assessments included fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides. Within-group and between-group analyses were performed using parametric or non-parametric tests as appropriate, with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. Significant differences in baseline HbA1c and LDL levels were observed between groups (p<0.05). After intervention, a significant between-group difference was found only in HDL levels (p<0.05). Delta analysis demonstrated significant improvements in LDL and HDL in the supplementation group compared with controls (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in fasting glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, or HOMA-IR. Mangosteen pericarp extract supplementation significantly improved LDL and HDL levels but did not significantly affect glycemic control or insulin resistance.
References
Arsapakdee, K., Thienkaew, N., & Sriyabhaya, A. (2024). The effect of a health behavior modification model on lipid profile and body fat of educational personnel. Journal of Endocrinology, Tropical Medicine, and Infectious Disease (JETROMI), 6(2), 75–81.
Bi, C., Xu, H., Yu, J., Ding, Z., & Liu, Z. (2023). Botanical characteristics, chemical components, biological activity, and potential applications of mangosteen. PeerJ, 11, e15329.
Darsono, L., Suherman, J., Widowati, W., & Kusuma, H. S. (n.d.). Anti-hyperlipidemic effect of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) peel extract in dyslipidemia-induced rats.
Habeeb, M. Q., Abdulridha, M. K., & Salman, I. N. (2026). Metabolic effects of mangosteen supplementation as an adjuvant to sitagliptin/metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes Iraqi patients. Pharmacia, 73, 1–9.
He, X. Y., Lu, Z. W., Guo, Y. F., Zhao, R. C., & Liu, Z. (2025). Association between atherogenic index of plasma and new onset of type 2 diabetes among elderly in China: A longitudinal study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16, 1632400.
Iharinjaka Randriamboavonjy, J., Conti, V., Mazza, I., Ragot, T., Andrianjara, C., Rafatro, H., & Tesse, A. (2026). The conventional and alternative therapeutic approaches in arterial stiffness management. Pharmaceutics, 18(2), 166.
Jasaputra, D. K., Gunadi, J. W., Martioso, P. S., Hidajat, L. G., Tungerapan, R. S., Ardhinata, F. F., & Rusfaidah, E. S. (2025). Potential of turmeric and mangosteen in combating high-fat diet-induced inflammation and gut dysbiosis: A review. Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research, 9(9).
Kim, D. H., Yang, H. M., Song, J. Y., Park, J., Kwon, B. Y., Vu, A. V., Lee, D. S., & Lee, K. W. (2024). Effects of dietary mangosteen peel powder and extract on the growth performance, meat quality and indicators for immunity, gut health and antioxidant activity in broiler chicks. Poultry Science, 103(12), 104477.
Samprasit, W., Kaomongkolgit, R., Chamsai, B., Opanasopit, P., Yiamwattana, I., Tantanapornkul, W., Jamdee, K., & Yuakyong, S. (2026). Development of alpha-mangostin extract and citronella oil-loaded lipid-based nanocarriers for use as an antimicrobial agent in the treatment of periodontitis. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 108056.
Sanz-Canovas, J., Lopez-Sampalo, A., Cobos-Palacios, L., Ricci, M., Hernández-Negrín, H., Mancebo-Sevilla, J. J., Álvarez-Recio, E., López-Carmona, M. D., Pérez-Belmonte, L. M., Gómez-Huelgas, R., & Bernal-López, M. R. (2022). Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients with frailty and/or sarcopenia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(14), 8677.
Setiawan, A. A., Prasetyo, A., Kurniawan, E. Y., & Putra, D. E. (2024). Combination of mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) pericarp extract and physical exercise decreases atherosclerotic lesions in atherogenic diet-fed rats. Traditional and Integrative Medicine.
Soetikno, V., Andini, P., Iskandar, M., Matheos, C. C., Herdiman, J. A., Kyle, I. K., Suma, M. N., Louisa, M., & Estuningtyas, A. (2023). Alpha-mangosteen lessens high-fat/high-glucose diet and low-dose streptozotocin induced hepatic manifestations in the insulin resistance rat model. Pharmaceutical Biology, 61(1), 241–248.
Suksamran, N., Anantawat, V., Wattanaarsakit, P., Wei, C., Rahman, M. A., Majima, H. J., & Tangpong, J. (2022). Mangosteen vinegar from Garcinia mangostana: Quality improvement and antioxidant properties. Heliyon, 8(12).
Xue, C., Chen, Y., Bi, Y., Yang, X., Chen, K., Tang, C., Tong, X., Zhao, L., & Wang, H. (2024). Dilemmas in elderly diabetes and clinical practice involving traditional Chinese medicine. Pharmaceuticals, 17(7), 953.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
