The Relationship between Knowledge Level and Medication Adherence among Older Adults with Chronic Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i5.1513Keywords:
adherence, knowledge, medication, older adultsAbstract
The number of older adults in Indonesia continues to increase each year due to rising life expectancy alongside improvements in the quality of health services. The types of diseases commonly experienced by older adults are chronic conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and heart disease, all of which require continuous and routine treatment. Medication adherence among the elderly remains a serious concern. This study, conducted within the Prolanis program at Bululawang Community Health Center, aimed to determine and analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge of older adults and their adherence to taking prescribed medications. The study population consisted of all older adults enrolled in the Prolanis program at Bululawang Community Health Center, totaling 197 individuals. A purposive sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 74 respondents. Knowledge was measured using a questionnaire developed by Herawati & Setiawan consisting of ten closed-ended questions. The validity of the knowledge questionnaire was tested using item-total correlation, and all items were declared valid. The reliability test showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient greater than 0.70. Meanwhile, medication adherence was assessed using the short version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). The MMAS-4 has been widely validated in various populations and demonstrated acceptable reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha value indicating satisfactory internal consistency.. A bivariate analysis was conducted using the non-parametric Spearman’s rho test. The findings indicated a p-value > 0.05 (0.132), suggesting no significant relationship between knowledge and medication adherence. Health workers should therefore not only focus on improving the knowledge of older adults but also consider other factors such as motivation, family support, psychological conditions, and perceptions of treatment. Increasing family involvement in reminding medication schedules or assisting with medication preparation is strongly recommended.
References
Ardhani, A. N., & Nawangsih, S. K. (2020). Pengaruh Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan pada Perempuan Korban Kekerasan Seksual. PHILANTHROPY: Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 69. https://doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v4i1.2139
Badan Litbang Kesehatan, K. K. R. (2018). Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf. In Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan (p. 198). http://labdata.litbang.kemkes.go.id/images/download/laporan/RKD/2018/Laporan_Nasional_RKD2018_FINAL.pdf
BPJS KESEHATAN. (2022). Laporan tahunan program Prolanis.
Cesari, M., Azzolino, D., Arosio, B., & Canevelli, M. (2021). Nutritional Interventions for Early Dementia. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 25(5), 688–691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1616-4
Choi, H. G., Kim, H. J., & Lee, S. (2021). Mediating effects of empathy on competence of korean nursing students. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 50(4), 737–746. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i4.5998
Girsang, A., dkk. (n.d.). Statistik penduduk lanjut usia di Indonesia.
Herawati, E., & Setiawan, E. (2018). Pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada lansia. Jurnal Keperawatan.
Horne, R., Weinman, J., & Barber, N. (2013). Concordance, adherence and compliance in medicine taking.
Jimmy, B., & Jose, J. (2011). Patient medication adherence: Measures in daily practice. Oman Medical Journal, 26(3), 155–159. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2011.38
Juniarti, Bhanu, Setyani, F. A. R., & Amigo, T. A. E. (2023). Tingkat pengetahuan dengan kepatuhan minum obat pada penderita hipertensi. Cendekia Medika: Jurnal Stikes Al-Ma’arif Baturaja, 8(1), 43–53. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52235/cendekiamedika.v8i1.205
Kardas, P., Lewek, P., & Matyjaszczyk, M. (2013). Determinants of patient adherence: A review of systematic reviews. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 4(91).
Kearney. (2020). Global burden of hypertension: Analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet, 365(9455), 217–223.
Kusumaningrum. (2025). Predictors of Quality of Life Among Older Residents in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: ICF Approach. Jurnal Epidemiologi & Kesehatan Masyarakat, 58.
Luy, M., Zannella, M., & Caselli, G. (2022). Why do women live longer than men? Demographic Research, 46, 1105–1130.
Maya Arfania, dkk. (2023). Hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap terhadap kepatuhan minum obat DM pada pasien geriatri di Puskesmas Karawang. Jurnal Kesehatan Geriatri, 10(1), 45–53.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Pengantar pendidikan kesehatan dan ilmu perilaku kesehatan. Widyatama.
Sabaté, E. (2020). Adherence to long-term therapies: Evidence for action.
Setiati, S., & Setyawati, A. (2018). Geriatri: Ilmu kesehatan usia lanjut. Balai Penerbit FK UI.
Shen, Z., et al. (2022). Factors influencing medication adherence among elderly patients with chronic diseases. Journal of Aging & Health, 34(6–8), 857–873.
Singh, R., Appel, L. J., Kazi, G., & Jaar, B. G. (2020). Features of patient-education websites for patients with chronic kidney disease: an analysis of recommended websites. BMC Nephrology, 21(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-020-02128-6
Sowtali, S. N., Harith, S., Mohd Shah, A. S., Ishak, N. A., Yusoff, D. M., Draman, C. R., Mohd Rasani, A. A., & Ghazali, N. (2020). Educational needs of chronic kidney disease patients who presented to tengku ampuan afzan hospital: Preliminary findings. Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation : An Official Publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia, 31(1), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.279931
Sutrisno, E. (2017). Pengaruh pendidikan terhadap kepatuhan minum obat pada pasien hipertensi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat UNIMA, 12(2), 123–130.
Vrijens, B., Urquhart, J., & Van der Veer, K. (2021). New developments in medication adherence: Advancing the science to improve patient outcomes. Pharmaceuticals, 14(4), 324. https://doi.org/1. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14040324
Vrijsen, J., Abu-Hanna, A., Maeckelberghe, E. L. M., De Deyn, P. P., De Winter, A. F., Reesink, F. E., Oude Voshaar, R. C., Buskens, E., De Rooij, S. E., & Smidt, N. (2020). Uptake and effectiveness of a tailor-made online lifestyle programme targeting modifiable risk factors for dementia among middle-aged descendants of people with recently diagnosed dementia: Study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial (Demin st. BMJ Open, 10(10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039439
World Health Organization. (2019). World report on ageing and health.
Wulandari, P. D., & Lestari, M. D. (2018). Pengaruh Penerimaan Diri Pada Kondisi Pensiun dan Dukungan Sosial Terhadap Kecemasan Menghadapi Masa Pensiun Pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Kabupaten Badung. Jurnal Psikologi Udayana, 5(2), 87–99. https://ocs.unud.ac.id/index.php/psikologi/article/view/40403
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
