Effects of Back Massage and Music Relaxation on Blood Pressure among Patients with Hypertension: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1277Keywords:
back massage, hypertension, music therapy, non-pharmacological interventionsAbstract
Hypertension is a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Non-pharmacological strategies such as back massage and music relaxation have been proposed to attenuate sympathetic activation and stabilize blood pressure. Grounded in relaxation theory and stress physiology, this review synthesizes current evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in patients with hypertension. A systematic review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines across national and international databases (2020–2025). The research question was structured using the PICO framework. Quasi-experimental and randomized controlled trials involving hypertensive patients and reporting pre–post or between-group changes in blood pressure were eligible. Of 312 records identified, 97 duplicates were removed. After title–abstract screening of 215 records and full-text assessment of 69 articles, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were narratively synthesized. Most studies demonstrated statistically significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure following back massage, music therapy, or combined relaxation approaches. However, notable heterogeneity was observed in intervention protocols, duration, comparators, and control for confounding factors. Back massage and music relaxation appear to be safe, complementary interventions with promising potential to reduce blood pressure among individuals with hypertension. Nonetheless, rigorously designed randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols and longer follow-up are warranted to strengthen the evidence base.
References
Arifah, C. N., Sani, F. N., Palupi, D. L. M., & Utomo, E. K. (2023). Pengaruh Terapi Pijat Refleksi Kaki terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional, 6(2), 449–456. https://doi.org/10.37287/jppp.v6i2.2191
Diah Nur Kafitri, Linda Sofiana Rohmah, Karin Mitha Astary, Virgianti Nur Faridah, & Rizky Asta Pramestirini. (2024). Kombinasi Senam Hipertensi dan Terapi Musik Suara Alam Mampu Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi. Protein : Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan. , 2(4), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.61132/protein.v2i4.704
Genisa, G., Yuliza, E., & Gunardi, S. (2023). The Effect of Classical Music Therapy and Deep Breathing Relaxation Therapy on Lowering Blood Pressure in Hypertension Sufferers in RW 001 Samba Danum Village, Katingan Tengah District, Central Kalimantan Year 2022. Journal of Complementary Nursing, 2(2), 172–179. https://doi.org/10.53801/jcn.v2i2.111
Hartutik, S., & Suratih, K. (2021). Pengaruh Terapi Pijat Refleksi Kaki Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Primer. Gaster, 15(2), 132. https://doi.org/10.30787/gaster.v15i2.199
Hendra Irawan, Indri Sarwili, & Elvie Tresya. (2024). Pengaruh Kombinasi Latihan Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) dan Pijat Punggung Terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Penderita Hipertensi di Wilayah RW 001 Sarua Indah Ciputat Tangerang Selatan Tahun 2022. Corona: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Umum, Psikolog, Keperawatan Dan Kebidanan, 2(1), 172–189. https://doi.org/10.61132/corona.v2i1.231
Hermawan, I. W., Ryandini, F. R., & Riani, S. (2024). Efektivitas Slow Stroke Back Massage Terhadap Tekanan Darah Dan Kualitas Tidur Penderita Hipertensi. Medical Journal of Nusantara, 3(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.55080/mjn.v3i2.907
Kusuma, S. N. Z., Nurdiansyah, T. E., & Andiri, S. (2025). Pengaruh Light Massage Dan Pijat Refleksi Kaki Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Menggala Kabupaten Tulang Bawang Tahun 2025. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i2.45685
Liao, I.-C., Chen, S.-L., Wang, M.-Y., & Tsai, P.-S. (2021). Effects of Massage on Blood Pressure in Patients With Hypertension and Prehypertension. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 31(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1097/JCN.0000000000000217
Mayangsari, V. D., Septianingrum, Y., Khamida, K., & Umamah, F. (2022). The Effect Of Combination Progressive Muscle Relaxation And Music Therapy On Blood Pressure And Pulse In Patients With Primary Hypertension In Babatan RT 07 RW 01 SurabayA. Nurse and Holistic Care, 2(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.33086/nhc.v2i1.3029
Patonengan, G. S., Mendrofa, F. A. M., & Hani, U. (2023). Effectiveness of Slow Stroke Back Massage (SBBM) on blood pressure, anxiety, and depression among older people with hypertension: A quasi-experimental study. Public Health of Indonesia, 9(2), 66–73. https://doi.org/10.36685/phi.v9i2.678
Sureerat Na Wichian, Jakkrit Klaphajone, & Duangjai Phrompayak. (2021). Effects of Music Embedded with Binaural and Superimposed Beats Controlling Hypertension in Older Adults: A Quasi Experimental Study. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs R, 25.
Sureerat Na Wichian, Jakkrit Klaphajone, & Duangjai Phrompayak. (2025). Effects of Music Embedded with Binaural and Superimposed Beats Controlling Hypertension in Older Adults: A Quasi Experimental Study. Pacific Rim Int J Nurs R, 2.
Susanty Ery Yunita, Anwar Syamsul, & Badriah Siti. (2024). Pengurangan Nyeri dan Tekanan Darah pada Lansia Hipertensi Melalui Terapi Kombinasi Relaksasi Otot Progresif dan Terapi Musik Religius. Poltekita: Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 18.
Syah, A. (2020). Pengaruh Pijat Punggung Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. Citra Delima Scientific Journal of Citra Internasional Institute, 4(2), 101–105. https://doi.org/10.33862/citradelima.v4i2.127
Syapitri, H., Sinurat, L. R. E., Marbun, A. S., & Yulisma, R. (2025). Pengaruh Teknik Relaksasi Autogenik Terhadap Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi. Jurnal Online Keperawatan Indonesia, 8(1), 25–33. https://doi.org/10.51544/keperawatan.v8i1.6149
Ups Ropei, Sukmawati Tamin, Tria Firza Kumala, & Rita Fitri. (2025). Pengaruh Terapi Relaksasi Autogenik Yang Dikombinasikan Dengan Musik Mozart Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Pasien Hipertensi: Studi Kumasi-Eksperimental. Jurnal Keperawatan Ppni Jawa Barat.
Vijayakumar, V., Boopalan, D., Ravi, P., Chidambaram, Y., Anandhan, A., Muthupandi, P., Shanmugam, P., Kuppusamy, M., & Karuppasamy, G. (2024). Effect of massage on blood pressure in patients with hypertension: A meta-analysis. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 37, 109–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.028
Yulita, R. F. (2021). Pengaruh Back Massage Terhadap Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi: Literature Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Kartika, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.26874/jkkes.v16i1.155
Yusamto, I. C. Y., Sepdianto, T. C., & Mujito, M. (2025). The Impact of Slow Stroke Back Massage on Blood Pressure and Pulse in Hypertensive Patients Aged 45–54 Years. Health Access Journal, 2(2), 65. https://doi.org/10.31290/haj.v2i2.5391
Zinat Mohebbi, Mehdi Moghadasi, Kaynoosh Homayouni, & Mohammad Hassan Nikou. (2024). The Effect of Back Massage on Blood Pressure in the Patients with Primary Hypertension : A Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery., 2.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
