Analysis of Causal Factors and Malaria Vector Breeding Sites among Mining Workers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v8i3.1281Keywords:
breeding sites, malaria, malaria vectors, mining workers, risk factorsAbstract
Malaria remains a major public health problem in mining areas due to environmental conditions that favor mosquito breeding and sustained human–vector contact. Mining workers are particularly vulnerable because of prolonged exposure to high-risk environments. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with malaria incidence and the presence of vector breeding sites among mining workers in Hulawa Village, Buntulia Subdistrict, Pohuwato Regency. This observational analytic study employed a cross-sectional design involving 125 mining workers. Data were collected through structured interviews using a standardized questionnaire and environmental observations. The questionnaire was developed based on previous empirical studies and underwent validity and reliability testing prior to data collection; item validity was assessed using item–total correlation analysis, while internal consistency was confirmed with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients ≥0.70. Malaria incidence was determined using a Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT). The independent variables included knowledge, nighttime outdoor activities, history of malaria, risk perception, self-efficacy, length of residence, presence of potential breeding sites, and presence of malaria vectors. Bivariate associations were examined using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using logistic regression. The results showed that several factors were significantly associated with malaria incidence. Knowledge (p = 0.000; OR = 0.018) and history of malaria (p = 0.014; OR = 0.068) acted as protective factors, whereas length of residence in the mining area (p = 0.001; OR = 31.179) and the presence of malaria vectors (p = 0.020; OR = 55.195) significantly increased the risk of malaria. In contrast, self-efficacy and the presence of breeding sites were not significantly associated with malaria incidence. The most dominant factor influencing malaria incidence was the presence of malaria vectors. Malaria incidence among mining workers in Hulawa Village is influenced by a combination of individual and environmental factors, with vector presence and prolonged exposure in mining areas playing a dominant role. These findings highlight the critical importance of prioritizing vector control and environmental management in mining areas as key strategies to reduce malaria incidence.
References
Aferizal, A., et al. (2023). Analisis faktor yang memengaruhi kejadian malaria di wilayah endemis tambang. Jurnal Epidemiologi Tropis, 12(2), 115–124.
Alonso, P., et al. (2023). Relapse patterns of Plasmodium vivax and implications for malaria control in endemic regions. Malaria Journal, 22(1), 45–58.
Amiruddin, A., & Hamzah, M. (2022). Persepsi risiko dan perilaku pencegahan malaria pada masyarakat pesisir Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nusantara, 9(1), 34–42.
Bandura, A. (2012). Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 1–26.
Bahruddin, M., & Alam, S. (2022). Durasi tinggal sebagai faktor risiko malaria di daerah endemis Kabupaten Kolaka. Jurnal Biostatistika & Epidemiologi, 5(3), 144–152.
Green, L. W., et al. (2021). Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice. Jossey-Bass.
Handayani, S., et al. (2020). Hubungan persepsi risiko dengan tindakan pencegahan malaria di Kabupaten Belu. Jurnal Endemik, 8(1), 21–30.
Hasibuan, R., et al. (2023). Pengaruh kebersihan lingkungan terhadap tempat perindukan nyamuk Anopheles di pedesaan Indonesia. Jurnal Entomologi Kesehatan, 17(2), 89–98.
Hasyim, H., et al. (2023). Environmental determinants and malaria risk among mining workers in Sumatera Selatan. Journal of Vector Ecology, 48(1), 112–120.
Hidayah, N., & Rachman, F. (2022). Kepatuhan pengobatan malaria dan kekambuhan infeksi di Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Parasitologi Indonesia, 6(2), 77–85.
Hidayat, A., et al. (2023). Perilaku vektor Anopheles dan dinamika penularan malaria di wilayah pedalaman. Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 14(1), 55–68.
Kotepui, M., et al. (2023). Immunity and reinfection patterns of malaria in endemic areas: A systematic review. Infectious Diseases Review, 11(4), 220–234.
Lestari, P., et al. (2021). Efikasi diri dan pencegahan malaria pada masyarakat Sarmi. Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Papua, 4(1), 12–22.
Longchamps, C., et al. (2022). Behavioral risks of malaria among gold miners in remote Amazonian sites. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 27(8), 643–657.
Mala, A. O., & Jat, K. R. (2019). Vectorial capacity and malaria transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa. International Journal of Mosquito Research, 6(2), 15–22.
Mulyadi, R., et al. (2023). Penguatan efikasi diri melalui edukasi komunitas dalam menurunkan kejadian malaria. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Kesehatan, 5(2), 98–107.
Nasir, A., et al. (2021). Night-time outdoor activities and malaria risk in Eastern Indonesia. Malaria Research Bulletin, 13(3), 129–137.
Nasution, F., et al. (2022). Perilaku pencarian pengobatan malaria di daerah endemis. Jurnal Kesehatan Tropis, 10(1), 41–50.
Notoatmodjo, S. (2018). Ilmu perilaku kesehatan. Rineka Cipta.
Nawa, M., et al. (2024). Structural vulnerabilities and indoor malaria transmission in rural communities. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 17(1), 33–41.
Putra, Y., et al. (2023). Ecological factors driving malaria vector breeding in tropical mining areas. Environmental Health Perspectives, 22(2), 145–159.
Rahman, A., et al. (2023). Self-efficacy and health behavior in malaria prevention. Journal of Behavioral Health, 12(4), 230–242.
Rahmawati, D. (2020). Efikasi diri dan perilaku pencegahan anemia pada remaja putri. Jurnal Gizi dan Kesehatan, 9(2), 65–74.
Sihombing, T., et al. (2024). Effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets in malaria control in rural Indonesia. Journal of Tropical Diseases, 19(1), 19–29.
Siregar, P. (2019). Determinants of medication adherence in chronic diseases. Indonesian Medical Journal, 7(3), 122–130.
Siregar, R., et al. (2023). Environmental determinants of malaria among mining workers. Journal of Tropical Epidemiology, 11(2), 144–157.
Sukowati, S., et al. (2023). Adaptive immunity to repeated malaria infections in endemic regions. Indonesian Journal of Parasitology, 21(1), 1–10.
Sugiarto, A., et al. (2022). Malaria risk and vector breeding habitats in Papua. Journal of Vector Studies, 15(1), 55–68.
Suleman, D., et al. (2024). Overconfidence bias and infection risk among rural populations. Social Psychology & Health, 7(1), 47–59.
Tusting, L., et al. (2020). Malaria transmission and environmental factors: A global review. The Lancet Planetary Health, 4(6), e235–e245.
Tumwebaze, R., et al. (2024). Antimalarial drug resistance and treatment failure in endemic areas. Tropical Medicine Journal, 18(1), 60–72.
Utami, D., et al. (2021). Partial immunity and relapse pattern of Plasmodium vivax in Indonesian populations. Asian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 9(3), 200–212.
Wulandari, F., & Setyaningsih, D. (2021). Determinants of personal protective equipment use among mining workers. Occupational Health Journal, 12(2), 88–97.
Wulandari, P., et al. (2023). Vector density and malaria incidence in Papua mining settlements. Journal of Vector Biology, 21(2), 77–89.
Yulianto, R., et al. (2023). Long-term exposure to malaria-endemic environments and infection risk. Epidemiology Indonesia, 14(1), 66–75.
Yuliana, E., et al. (2023). Risk perception and malaria prevention behavior in East Sumba. Journal of Public Health Research, 6(2), 101–110.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
